What Does You Do You Know Yourself - 816 Words

From the moment we start school, we enter a world where social skills are important and friendships begin to form. Initially, we â€Å"make friends† with kids that sit near us in class, or ride the same bus. But, as we age the connection to others depends more on common interests than on geography. This is certainly true as we form friendships as teens and young adults, and even more so as we start searching for a life partner. But even when the stars align and it seems as though you have found your â€Å"soulmate†, there can be questions. With the divorce rate on the rise, many couples are left wondering if the choice they made so many years ago was correct. In order to help figure out if you have married the wrong person, and to gain an understanding of how such a thing could happen, consider the following: ââ€"  How well do you know yourself? This is a question we should all ask ourselves when making the decision to commit our lives to another person. If you are unable to figure out what is important to you personally, it will be difficult to share common goals with a spouse. Sometimes an honest look at who you are can save you heartache in the future. ââ€"  How well do you know your mate, and understand their needs? If you are not able to show compassion to the needs of your partner, it may be that you just don’t understand them. When two people are not on the same page about the basic goals of a marriage, it will be near impossible to make the relationship last. ââ€"  What is your motiveShow MoreRelatedThe Meaning of Respect Essay747 Words   |  3 Pagesand always hear about the word respect, but they don’t know what it means. Respect is the esteem for or a sense of the worth or excellence of a person. There are things in life you need to hold in respect. Respect for yourself, respect for others, and respect for property. Respect is taught to people everywhere and it is even taught to them in their religions. Respect is the very aspect that keeps everything in your life. Respect for yourself is very important to a person because it can be the balancingRead MoreA Brief Note On The And Effective Method By Employers For Employee Selection994 Words   |  4 Pagesminutes to form their own opinion of you; with that being said, your initial presentation of yourself, visually and verbally can stop you from being successful before the actual interview begins. You have to be able to understand what the employer is looking for, and you need to present your case of why would you be an asset to the prospective employer. It all amounts to how well you can sell yourself; in the next few paragraphs, I will discuss a few steps in which you can also reference as a checklistRead MoreWhy Do People Love And Hate Chinese Food?1197 Words   |  5 PagesHow are you different from every other human being on this planet? While it is true that we re all here sharing the experience of being human, and that gives us commonality, we are each totally unique beings having our ow n unique experience of life. Think about it. You can see this truth in the simplest of things. Some people love the beach while others love the mountains. Some people love Chinese food, while others hate it. Some people love modern art; others hate it. Some people like trucks whileRead MoreShould Television Be Public Consumption?825 Words   |  4 Pageswas by Randall Smith. Here s the introduction: What’s the one thing you never see people on television doing? They’re shown fighting, swimming nude, having sex, using the restroom, and a host of other things you wouldn’t expect would be fodder for public consumption. But one thing people on television never (or almost never) do is watch television. This is odd, since people who want you to do something usually try to make you think â€Å"everyone is doing it.† Thus in Nike ads, everyone seems to beRead MoreThe Prayer Of A Good Shepherd950 Words   |  4 Pageshear the fruits of preaching of the apostles. In the second that we just heart we have an image of the New Jerusalem, the promise to those who fulfill Gods commandment, finally the gospel, which is the apex of today celebration we can see what really matters, what is really important: LOVE! Love Some years ago I accompany a group of youth of the parish to the WYD in Rio De Janairo. The most important day this pilgrimage is the vigil night and the following mass with the Pope. The vigil and the massRead MoreThe Tragedy of Sexual Molestation of a Child Essay748 Words   |  3 PagesImagine yourself as a child. More specifically, a young boy. Life as a child seems simple enough. While you are young you have care givers who try to make sure that everything is done for you. But there is still the matter of growing up. When you are young, adults cherish your innocence. Everyone just wants to protect you from the dangers of the world. You are a symbol of hope, with the whole world ahead of you. What if the innocence that all of your loved ones cherish, no longer exists? AllRead MoreThe Theory Of Moral Sentiments And The Wealth Of Nations1509 Words   |  7 PagesHow Adam smith can change your life, at the beginning the author gives you a history of Adam smith and all that he has done. From his books: The theory of moral sentiments and the wealth of nations. How can someone from two hundred and fifty years ago, a Scottish moral philosopher can still be relevant currently in 2016. Why is because of the questions that he asked in his two books above some of which have been through different editions like The Theory of Moral Sentiments. The author of this bookRead MoreThe Person Who Changed My Life744 Words   |  3 Pageschange my life Who has been a influence to you? Mom, dad, or anyone in your life? Well, there always that someone or person who has or had influenced you or even changed your life during you past years in your life. My influence is my one and only father. My father has influenced me in so many ways that has actually changed my life. The main three ways were for me to keep on task, keep safe and stay out of drugs and, and mostly, to believe in yourself. First of all, school is a hard thing to concentrateRead MoreAre You Needlessly Recycling Emotional Pain?1318 Words   |  6 PagesAre You Needlessly Recycling Emotional Pain? How to Let Go and Move on By Maria McMahon | Submitted On October 08, 2014 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Maria McMahon In my experience asRead MoreWhat Does It Mean to Be an Adult?777 Words   |  4 PagesWhat does it mean to be an adult? Does accountability make a person an adult? Does learning and improving on past experiences make someone an adult? Will caring for one’s self make somebody an adult? These are all small pieces to the puzzle but there is more to an adult then being a self-reliant, hardworking individual that pays their bills on time. In my opinion, you can be sixteen years old and be classified as an adult or twenty eight years old and not be an adult. Being an adult means that

The Drug Has A High Potential For Abuse - 892 Words

The DEA categorizes Schedule I drugs by the following characteristics: the drug has a high potential for abuse, the drug has no currently accepted medical use, and there is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision. Providers cannot write a prescription for Schedule I drugs nor are they readily available for clinical use. Bath salts, heroin, and LSD are just a few of the Schedule I drugs but also three of the most common seen. (Anderson, 2014) Bath salts are a family of drugs that contain one or more synthetic chemicals that are related to cathinone. There have been reports of severe intoxication and dangerous health effects associated with this type of drug and it is becoming a serious and growing public health and safety issue. Bath salts have other names, such as: Cloud Nine, Vanilla Sky, and White Lightening. It is typically found in the form of a white or brown powder and are normally sold in a small plastic or foil package labeled â€Å"not for human consumption.† Bath salts are usually taken orally, inhaled, or injected, however, the worst outcomes are associated with snorting or needle injection. Bath salts have the same effect on the brain as cocaine does, but bath salts increase the dopamine levels ten times more than cocaine does. Common reactions include cardiac symptoms (such as racing heart, high blood pressure, and chest pains) and psychiatric symptoms like: paranoia, hallucinations, and panic attacks . Patients may also exhibitShow MoreRelatedPrescription Drug Abuse Is A Serious Problem1547 Words   |  7 PagesPaper Prescription drug abuse is a serious problem in today’s society. Prescription drug abuse is taking medicine prescribed for someone else, for another purpose, a larger dose than prescribed, in a different way than one is specifically prescribed. (â€Å"Prescription Medline† par. 1). This includes using a prescription to get high by crushing, snorting, or injecting them (â€Å"Prescription Medline† par. 4 and 5). By using these methods to put them into the body, it gives a stronger high than by just consumingRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse Among Adolescents1628 Words   |  7 PagesNursing Informatics Quality Improvement Prescription Drug Abuse Among Adolescents Have you ever heard these words –hillbilly H, a-minus, red birds, Vitamin R, and roses? There is no question that we have heard some of these words. Yet, what is unexpected is they are all code words used by teens for prescription drugs (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2016). Prescription drug abuse among teens has rapidly increased, and has become a public health concern. (Milner, Ham, Zamboanga, 2014.) WithRead MoreInformative Speech Outline on Addiction to Prescription Drugs799 Words   |  4 Pagesprescription drugs Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the growing problem of prescription drug abuse, some common drugs that cause abuse, and their effects and some common treatments. Pattern: People living in today’s society must be aware about the dangers that prescription Drugs can cause them, as well as the people around them. Introduction: * Attention : Is it possible that you or someone you love is addicted to prescription drugs? * AnRead MoreThe Utilization Of Prescription Drug1332 Words   |  6 Pagesprescription drug has increased in recent times. The availability of these medications has resulted in the treatment of numerous infections and ailments. These drugs alleviate chronic pain, depression and anxiety, sleep apnea, and much more. For an efficient health system, the main goal is to provide quality health care to all patients. However, over the years, there have been many legal and health controversies over drugs and the effects that they have on the body. The process of prescription drug startsRead MoreInjectable Drug Abuse1488 Words   |  6 PagesMEMORANDUM INJECTABLE DRUG ABUSE: GROWING CHALLENGE IN NORTH-EASTERN PART OF INDIA FROM: AE28697 TO: Ministry of development of north east affairs, India RE: Scenario C-Health and harm reduction DATE: 19 October 2013 Introduction North-east (NE) India is connected to remaining part of India through a constricted passage known as Siliguri Corridor squeezed between Nepal and Bangladesh (Hussain, 2011). It comprises of seven sister states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, NagalandRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Used For Medical Purposes?1659 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana, a Schedule I, classified drug is one of America’s most controversial drugs. Many people are against marijuana because it legally considered a drug and many people support marijuana because of its reported use for preventing and treating diseases. Personally, I believe that marijuana should be used for medical purposes. My opinion, however, comes primarily from what I have observed through brief news reports and what I have been told from people who has used the drug before. I never really tookRead MoreThe Debate Over Legalization Of Marijuana1732 Words   |  7 Pagesvalues entrusted to them through society; they are red taped by the economic repercussions. The health benefits that are aspired through marijuana are undoubtedly alluring to those who suffer with chronic illnesses. Research shows marijuana has the potential to enhance medical innovation and patient well-being. Weighing all aspects of both sides is the only fair way to determine whether the legalization of marijuana will be beneficial to society and the judicial system. TheRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Its Effects On The United States817 Words   |  4 PagesWar on Drugs had its official start during the Nixon administration when the president declared that drug abuse was now â€Å"public enemy number one.† Since then, over one trillion dollars have been spent on various programs to combat drug abuse. Ultimately, however, the War on Drugs did not limit national daily drug use. Instead, the War on Drugs had a greater impact on the United States’ justice, education, and healthcare systems than it did to limit citizen drug use. The War on Drugs has had aRead MorePromoting A Drug Awareness Program For Teens1695 Words   |  7 PagesPromoting a Drug Awareness Program for Teens Teen drug use/abuse is common. According to the U. S. Department of Health Human Services, the most common drugs teens use are alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and prescription drugs (2016). Other drugs used are inhalants, over-the-counter medications, and other illegal drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin. The use of drugs and alcohol increase the risk of injury or death. According to WebMD, alcohol and drug abuse is a leading causeRead MoreThe Problem Of Prescription Drug Abuse1461 Words   |  6 Pages(Quotes about Drug Abuse). This quote by Wayne Gerald Trotman describes how heartbreaking it is to contemplate on exactly how many people’s lives have been adversely impacted as a result of abuse. Child abuse, animal abuse, and sexual abuse are all major types of abuse; however, prescription drug abuse is a problem that is drastically skyrocketing in today’s society. While other addictions and abuses are equally significant, it is imperative that people put a stop to prescription drug abuse using two

Various Causes of Global Warming

Question: Write an essay on Various Causes of Global Warming? Answer: Introduction: Currently it is seen that the global warming and the climatic changes is been considered as one of the major issues which is taking place in the environment. In various types of research works it has been found that as the temperature of the environment is increasing and it is creating a massive impact in the eco system and also on the individuals. It is observed that in the ecosystem the rate of pollution is increasing and along with that there is also increase of human population in the system and the human population has a major role in creating the pollution in the eco system and when they are creating this they do not have any idea that they are creating pollution in the environment. Therefore it can be said that this is one of the major part in the ecosystem who are responsible for decreasing the rate of pollution in the environment. Later part of the assignment we will also discuss about the reasons of global warming and what are it impact in the ecosystem and also discuss abo ut certain recommendations which will be required for decreasing the pollution from the system. Various Causes of Global Warming During recent scenario it is seen that there are different issues which is creating a massive impact in the environment with the climate and the major issues for this is the globalization and the industrialization. Some other factors are also there which are also taking a major part in formulating the pollution which is creating in the ecosystem. With the help of research studies it has been found that air pollution is playing the major role which is increasing the rate of pollution in the ecosystem and it is depleting the ozone layer and for that reason this layer is facing the failure to save the earth from protecting from the pollution and it is affecting the greenery as the ultraviolet ray is destroying the greenery and the layer above the ozone layer is unable to save the planet from this rays (Chen, and Thomas, 2011). According to (Brown, 2015), it is seen that deforestation is considered as one of the major reason for the causing of global warming. As the number of tress is decreasing it is creating a lot of global warming as the level of carbon dioxide is increasing and it is effecting the environment of the eco-space. Various types of species are getting affected due to the global warming in the ecosystem and the main reason for this type the negligence of the human beings and creating a lot of problems in the environment. Figure-1- Various Reasons of Global Warming. Global Warming and its Impact Different types of changes are taking place in the ecosystem. The main reasons for these types of changes are the affect which is taking place due to global climate in a greater amount. According to the research it is seen that the temperature of ocean water is increasing. It has risen to 0.72 centigrade and the overall raise of temperature is by 2-3 centigrade all over the globe. The more amount of temperature it will kill a lot of animals and human beings (Cook, and Skuce, 2013). In the Polar Regions it has been observed that the water of the sea level is increasing due to global warming and for these reasons naturals hazards like tsunami, hurricane are effecting various regions of the planet Earth. Before, various types of animals and birds used to migrate from one place to other but due to global warming they have stopped migrating at that rate. Figure-2- Global Warming and its Impact After the analysis of various researchers it has been found that the economy will be facing recession as the natural resources will be getting affected due to global warming. As the heat of global warming is increasing it will affect the ecosystem with much impact on the species of the planet (Www2.ucar.edu, 2015). Expectations from the Individuals: Individuals are responsible for the changes taking place in the environment due to climatic changes. It is responsibility of the individuals to take certain measures so that they can take action against these types of changes (Trenberth, and Sheffield, 2014). Proper decisions have to taken to save our planet. The research studies shows that the climatic changes which are taking place is affecting the environment a lot especially the agricultural section and greenery. Researchers has also found that in the coming future various types of animals and trees will go extinct because of these global warming. It is seen that in the sea there is loss of alkaline and that is one of the reason the sea water is turning acidic and this is affecting the underwater animals. The acid in the sea water is affecting the plankton of the sea (Reed, 2015). In order to minimize the problem the green house effect and the climate change would be handled As in the research study it is already seen that green house effect and the global warming is one of the major global problems. The governments are taking certain steps so that they can deal with these environmental problems (Pindyck, 2013). The governments have undertaken various steps and they have agreed to these agreements so that they can tackle all the environmental problems. An international agreement called Kyoto Protocol has been made with the agreements of all the government heads and these has been agreed by the industrialists of the countries so that they can lessen the green house gas effect. As the industries have implemented the agreements after that there is decrease of green house gas with 5.2% from 29% of the gas in 2010 (Cooke, 2014). In the Kyoto Protocol there are six major steps which will help in decreasing the effect of green house gas. The steps are- Energy and their renewable sources The main source of pollution is the vehicles and industries. The amount of energy the industries and the vehicles are consuming they are burning fuel of those consumed energy and the carbon dioxide is mixing with the air and it is polluting the air in which the species are breathing. So, the governments have taken certain actions to save the globe from the gases of green house and for that at first the natural resources need to be protected. So, the government has planned that by the year 2050 they will bring an alternative source of the energy. Fossil fuel is one of the alternative source and with the burning of fossil fuel there will be lesser amount of pollution (Wwf.org.au, 2015). Transportation of less carbon When the industries and the vehicles are consuming large amount of energies and for that the carbon production is becoming more and so steps need to be taken so that large amount of carbon cannot be produced. Batteries are being invented which will save the energy of Sun and restore those energy as Solar Energy which will be used as prevention of more amount of green house gas. To restore large amount of solar energies hydroelectric power are also invented (Haugen, Musser, S. and Lovelace, 2010). Preservation of Forests Deforestation is occurring due to industrialization all over the globe. As number of trees is decreasing this is affecting the balance of the planet Earth and affecting the ecosystem in high amount. Trees are one of the major constituents which is maintaining the balance of ecosystem with the environment. Greeneries helps is purifying the air as they intake carbon dioxide and exhale the oxygen gas and making the air pollution free. The Amazon forest has got affected a lot due to the climate changes and global warming. The mangrove forests are also getting affected due to climate change. So, to deal with such types of problems the government needs to take various types of international initiatives which will help in decreasing the global and green house gas from the environment (Dillon, and Huey, 2010). Approaches by Human beings for the change Since the past 200 years there is vast change in the civilization of human beings. The needs and the requirements of the human beings are changing and that need to be reduced so that the level of pollution can also be reduces and for that steps and certain steps also need to be taken. The UN consultant is responsible to each measure which are taken so that the level of pollution can be decreased which is in the economy (Goudie, 2013). Conclusion In a nutshell it can be said that the main reason of the degradation of environment and the destructive changes taking place in the climate are the human beings. So, the human beings only have to take the measures which will help in decrease the level of destruction. The government has agreed with the deals and those agreements need to implement so that the planet Earth can be secured which will be beneficial for our future generation. References Brown, A. (2015). Climate science: Regional climate prediction.Nature Climate change, 5(3), pp.193-193. Chen, I. C., Hill, J. K., Ohlemller, R., Roy, D. B., and Thomas, C. D. (2011). Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming.Science,333(6045), 1024-1026. Cook, J., Nuccitelli, D., Green, S. A., Richardson, M., Winkler, B., Painting, R., ... and Skuce, A. (2013). Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature.Environmental Research Letters,8(2), 024024. Cooke, R. (2014). Messaging climate change uncertainty.Nature Climate change, 5(1), pp.8-10. Dillon, M. E., Wang, G., and Huey, R. B. (2010). Global metabolic impacts of recent climate warming.Nature,467(7316), 704-706. Goudie, A. S. (2013).The human impact on the natural environment: past, present, and future. John Wiley Sons. Haugen, D., Musser, S. and Lovelace, K. (2010).Global warming. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Nrdc.org, (2015).Global Warming Facts, Causes and Effects of Climate Change | NRDC. [online] Available at: https://www.nrdc.org/globalwarming/ . Pindyck, R. S. (2013).Climate change policy: What do the models tell us?(No. w19244). National Bureau of Economic Research. Reed, C. (2015). Tracking the Missing Heat from the Global Warming Hiatus.Eos, 96. Trenberth, K. E., Dai, A., van der Schrier, G., Jones, P. D., Barichivich, J., Briffa, K. R., and Sheffield, J. (2014). Global warming and changes in drought.Nature Climate Change,4(1), 17-22. Wwf.org.au, (2015).Impacts of global warming and climate change. [online] Available at: https://www.wwf.org.au/our_work/people_and_the_environment/global_warming_and_climate_change/impacts/. Www2.ucar.edu, (2015).Impacts of Global Warming on the Environment | UCAR - University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. [online] Available at: https://www2.ucar.edu/news/backgrounders/impacts-global-warming-natural-systems.

Why I Want to Go to SVA free essay sample

In the beginning, when I first came to SVA open house, I didn’t know what to expect. I didn’t really know much about the school was it had the Cartooning major I desperately want. As the presentation for the Cartooning and Illustration majors began†¦oh man, immediately, I felt connected. My eyes sparkled and I grinned big and wide! I loved every minute of the presentations. I got a feeling I had not felt in a long time: the feeling of motivation and desire. I first felt it when I entered my high school, School of the Arts, because I was ready to improve my art skills and learn extensively about art. Now, when I think about SVA, I get that feeling again—it sends chills down my back because I am so excited to at the thought of exploring cartooning at SVA. I truly love graphic novels. As a child, I went to different libraries every week to check out as many graphic novels I could. We will write a custom essay sample on Why I Want to Go to SVA or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lugging bags and bags of graphic novels up the stairs in my house, I would read all of them. I would organize them by volumes, put them in separate piles, and read them at late night, much to my mother’s dismay. I looked up to (and still do!) to many graphic novelists and wanting to draw my own comics. That was the inspiration for me—I started to draw and create my own art because of the graphic novels. This is what has led me to want to apply for Cartooning major and possibly minor in Illustration major at SVA—I want a good foundation in cartooning so I can prepare for the industry and professional jobs. Lastly, when I have my life settled in, I can get a start in my dream: to publish a graphic novel that is inclusive of all people of different races, genders, and sexualities. I feel that SVA is a perfect for me. It has an excellent cartooning and illustration programs, which I love, and an honors program to deepen students’ perspective of art, which I want. SVA also has teachers who are working artists. I consider this very valuable to me because of their work experience and advice can help me in my goals to become a professional artist. SVA is also in the best urban location—NYC! Everything I wanted and could ever dare to dream is in SVA, and this is the perfect start for me to finally accomplish my dream of becoming a graphic novelist.

Effects of Caffeine on Cognitive Performance and Mood essays

Effects of Caffeine on Cognitive Performance and Mood essays There is a wealth of research demonstrating that caffeine can improve aspects of cognitive performance and mood, but few has concluded that caffeine could enhance working memory. This study measured the effects of caffeine on several measures of alertness and cognitive performance, while cognitive performance focused on tasks that need the use of working memory. Forty-eight undergraduates at the University of Hong Kong participated in the study. They were asked to perform in three tasks, i.e. the finger tapping task, forward digit span task and backward digit span task, and were also asked to fill out an alertness questionnaire. The level of alertness and psychomotor speed were significantly increased, but there were no significant differences in the performance of the working memory tasks. Discussion focuses on whether caffeine could really have an effect on cognitive performance or that it only induces effects on certain cognitive tasks. It has been suggested that glucose when comb ined with caffeine would enhance memory, but not when consuming caffeine alone, and this is the area which we find it beneficial to all and worth having further research on. Caffeine is present in many widely consumed drinks, such as coffee, tea or coke; but very few of us would stop and think about its effects on our alertness and cognitive performance. There is now a very large literature on the behavioural effects of caffeine, and it has remained the subject of debate despite the years of research. However, one difficulty faced by researchers trying to determine the effects of caffeine is that the research evidence is always far from consistent. For example, many studies found that consuming caffeine would reduce reaction time comparing with a placebo (e.g. Scholey and Kennedy 2004; Yeomans et al. 2002), but on the other hand, some studies failed to find any effect of caffeine on mood or performance (e.g. Foreman et al. 1989; Smith et al. 1997). T...

Crack Cocaine Facts

Crack Cocaine Facts Crack or crack cocaine is a form of cocaine. It has not been neutralized by an acid to make cocaine hydrochloride, the pure form of the chemical. Crack comes in a rock crystal form that can be heated and inhaled or smoked. It is called crack in reference to the cracking sound it makes when it is heated. Crack cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant. What Does Crack Look Like? Crack looks like irregularly-shaped off-white or white rocks. How Is Crack Cocaine Used? Crack cocaine is almost always smoked or freebased. Freebasing involves heating the crack until it liquefies and inhaling the vapors through a pipe. The vapors are absorbed by the lungs, producing an immediate euphoric high. Why Do People Use Crack Cocaine? Crack is a readily available form of cocaine. Cocaine is used because it produces euphoria, is a stimulant, suppresses appetite, and can be used as a pain reliever. What Are the Effects of Crack Cocaine Use? Users typically feel a rush followed by a sense of alertness and well-being. Cocaine increases levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is associated with pleasure and increased movement. The pleasant effects of crack wear off quickly (5-10 minutes), causing users to feel down or depressed, more than before taking the drug. Some users report being unable to duplicate the intensity of the first exposure with subsequent use. What Are the Risks of Using Crack? Crack is highly addictive, possibly even more than other forms of cocaine. Crack users are at risk for the usual effects of cocaine (dangerously elevated blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature, as well as the risk of seizure and cardiac arrest). They are also at increased risk of  respiratory disorders, such as coughing, bleeding, shortness of breath, and lung trauma. Crack use can cause paranoia and aggressiveness. Where Does Crack Cocaine Come From? Crack cocaine is made by dissolving powdered cocaine in a mixture of water and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) or ammonia. This mixture is boiled, dried, and broken into rock-like chunks. The original cocaine comes from a paste made from the leaves of the South American coca plant. Street Names for Crack Cocaine 24-7BadrockBeat CandyChemical CloudCookies CrumbsCrunch MunchDevil Drug DiceElectric Kool-AidFat BagsFrench FriesGlo GravelGrit HailHardballHard RockHotcakesIce CubeJellybeansNuggetsPastePiecePrime Time ProductRaw Rock(s)ScrabbleSleetSnowCokeTornadoTroop

Leverage and capital structure chapter 13 solutions Essay

Leverage and capital structure chapter 13 solutions - Essay Example Total leverage reflects the combined impact of operating and financial leverage on the firm. High operating leverage and high financial leverage will lead to high total leverage. The following equation explains the relationship between the degree of total leverage and the degrees of both operating and financial leverage. Poor capital structure decisions can result in high cost of capital, thereby lowering the NPVs of projects. On the other hand, effective capital structure decisions can lower the cost of capital leading to higher NPVs thereby increasing the value of the firm. All the items on the right hand side of the balance sheet, excluding current liabilities are sources of capital. The firm’s capital structure directly affects its financial risk, which is the risk to the firm of being unable to cover required financial obligations. The more debt and preferred stock a firm has in its capital structure, the greater its financial leverage and risk. The penalty for not meeting financial obligations is bankruptcy. Managers of firms typically act as agents of owners. The owners give the managers the authority to manage the firm for the owners’ benefit. The agency problem created by this relationship extends to the relationship between owners and lenders. Lenders can control the firm’s risk and protect themselves against adverse effects of the agency problem by including appropriate provisions in loan agreements. On the other hand, firms benefit by obtaining funds at lower costs by agreeing to the financial and operating constraints placed by loan provisions. A signal is a financial action by management that is believed to reflect its view of the firm’s stock value. Generally, debt financing is viewed as a positive signal that management believes the stock is under-valued while a stock issue is viewed as a

American individualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American individualism - Essay Example Individualism becomes part of American culture as it is nurtured in the homes a children grew up. As a child, American children are taught to become independent, both emotionally and economically by their family. This kind of upbringing is observable on how American raise their children. For example, when an American child falls down, the child is encouraged to stand up by himself or herself as a way of teaching individualism. American children are also given their own rooms where they could do anything with it which nurtures individualism beginning at childhood. Individualism is also reinforced by society as the child grows up to become adult. Growing up, an American is often praised for doing things by himself or herself. Material success associated with the achievement of an individual is also glorified in American society. For example, individual success is featured in almost all of its media with all its material attachments making individualism a desirable trait because it is financially rewarding. American society also puts more credit on individual success than collective success. The long held American idealism of freedom which is present in America psyche also equates to individualism that further reinforces individualism. Individualism is continuously practiced in American’s everyday life that make it integral in its culture. Individualism permeates in every sphere of American life cementing it as a value among Americans. This is expressed in many ways in American society. For example, Americans respect individual effort more than collective effort compared to other cultures such as the Thai. American importance towards privacy and of leaving people alone to do their own business is also a manifestation of how individualism permeates and expressed in American’s everyday life. In sum, American individualism becomes part of American

Slackness and more slackness Essay Example for Free

Slackness and more slackness Essay Bob Marleys One Love is heralded as the song of the 20th century. Jamaicans are jubilant about this. We boast of the impact of such songs as Redemption Song in encouraging the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa. Millions across the world identify with the message in Bob Marleys songs. We agree that music has tremendous power and effect. Isnt this evident in how Jamaica has become known worldwide because of Bob Marleys music? How is it then that the same voices that acknowledge the powerful effect of Marleys music now seek to deny the effect of dancehall artistes such as Vybz Kartels lyrics on the minds and subsequent behaviour of those who listen to them? Dancehall has moved from the space that reggae occupies, in its promotion of social and political consciousness, to the elevation and advancement of slackness. This affects our youth in a negative fashion. Dancehall is not just the music, but it is a culture which impacts dress, fashion and body language; it influences attitude. Dancehall dress leaves little of the womens bodies to the imagination. It is this mindset that is now affecting so many of our young people in school. They are following the dancehall culture of badmanism, hottie girls, nuff girls, nuff skin and body parts exposed, nuff slackness, public wining and grinding, bling and more bling, and every thing else that the culture promotes. PARENTS ALSO MORE DULGING There are parents who are indulging in this dancehall lifestyle and who, therefore, cannot guide their children to lead moral, self-disciplined lives. The children and the parents are now both indulging in the dancehall slackness. We see the effect of this in our schools. We see it when little children are taken to Passa Passa and adults delight in watching them wining and grinding their undeveloped hips in imitation of their slackness. Before these children can begin to know what innocence is, they have lost it. Their innocence has been aborted. This exposure to unbridled slackness from an early age has ensured that we produce a generation whose morality has been warped from the beginning. They will now believe that this slack and loose behaviour is the norm. WOMEN AS SEX OBJECTS We add slackness to slackness when the songs played on the sound systems and the images portrayed in the music videos all promote women as sex machines. These women represent themselves merely as objects of sex as is made clear by how they dress and by the sex-simulating gyrations they indulge in, which are termed dancing, with bottoms bouncing and going round like gigs and pelvic thrusts emphasising their genital areas. With such a constant diet being fed to the senses of the young, how can their consciousness develop in an innocent, childlike way? Add to these stimuli, the images of upstanding Jamaicans wining and grinding on the roads during carnival; women sandwiched by men from behind and before; women and men of all shapes and sizes, some totally unknown to each other, wearing the barest of coverings, indulging in unrestrained sexual conduct on the streets with the media promoting and covering it, with hordes of police (including high-ranking police officers) guiding the train. What are we saying to our young? We are saying that slackness is acceptable, that sexual behaviour is not a private matter; that sex can be practised publicly with societys approval. Why, then, are we shocked when our schoolchildren display this same type of behaviour on the streets, at the transportation hubs, on the buses, on the school grounds? Why are we shocked when they want their sex acts to be video-taped and published? Children live what they learn. They have simply taken a step further what they have been taught by the big people, the adults, around them. We are simply reaping what we have sown. This is what some young teenagers say about the impact of dancehall on their behaviour: It makes me break out of my little shell. I am an innocent girl and dancehall music breaks that barrier. It makes you feel all gangsterish and cool. And the music teaches you how to dress. The lyrics are influential. They tell you to walk roun, smoke weed and buss gun. Many people, children in particular, look up to some of the artistes who feature these lyrics in their songs and they actually do some of these things because they feel that if their favourite artiste is doing it and they are hip and admired, then why not do it too. Hence, dancehall music is influential, not only to me, but to the wider society. I have stopped listening to dancehall music now and thats good because it had such a negative influence on me. At one point, I found myself acting in the way that the songs portray a hot girl should be.

First World War Poetry Essays -- The Great War Poems Poetry Literature

First World War Poetry ".......Above all I am not concerned with poetry. My subject is war, and the pity of war. The poetry is in the pity." -Wilfred Owen. The First World War, or The Great War, was fought over the period August 1914 to November 1918. Although this was fought in many locations, and on a number of continents, the Western Front was the scene of some of the most important and bloodiest battles of the War. The Western Front was a series of trenches running through Belgium and France that formed the front line between the Allied and German forces. Many of the WW1 poets saw action on the Western Front. The War was dehumanising and it brought home how quickly and easily mankind could be reduced to a state lower than animals. The First World War, with its mass volunteers and conscription of educated, non-professional soldiers, saw the appearance of a new phenomenon - the soldier-poet. For the first time, war poetry appeared designed to educate its audience to the horrors of war. The First World War provides a unique moment in the twentieth-century in which literate soldiers, plunged into inhuman conditions, reacted to their surroundings by writing poetry. In fact, as subsequent years have proved, those poems have gone on to give a vision of this historical event to the public which otherwise would probably have gone unknown since it was a period of time when there was no reporting as we know it, in terms of front line war correspondents for newspapers, radio or television. Rupert Brooke Brooke was born in 1887 at Rugby where his father was a housemaster. One of the many ironies of the war is that Rupert Brooke is remembered as a war poet because his actual war experience consis... ...because it only addresses the poet’s feelings of personal loss. It has similarities in tone to both The Soldier and In Flanders Fields because of its romantic nature. It is not at all alike Dulce et Decorum Est since that is purely relating to the horrors of War and Vera Brittain doesn’t directly discuss the issue of war in her poem at all and unless the reader knew she had lost someone in WW1 she might have been writing about the loss of anyone close to her who had died under any circumstance. My Favourite Poem I prefer Perhaps of all the poems because it is beautifully written and is very touching. When I read the poem for the first time I was genuinely affected by what she said and the way she said it. I could see the imagery in her words and feel her pain at the loss of her fiancà ©e. It is a sad poem but the words themselves are very beautiful. First World War Poetry Essays -- The Great War Poems Poetry Literature First World War Poetry ".......Above all I am not concerned with poetry. My subject is war, and the pity of war. The poetry is in the pity." -Wilfred Owen. The First World War, or The Great War, was fought over the period August 1914 to November 1918. Although this was fought in many locations, and on a number of continents, the Western Front was the scene of some of the most important and bloodiest battles of the War. The Western Front was a series of trenches running through Belgium and France that formed the front line between the Allied and German forces. Many of the WW1 poets saw action on the Western Front. The War was dehumanising and it brought home how quickly and easily mankind could be reduced to a state lower than animals. The First World War, with its mass volunteers and conscription of educated, non-professional soldiers, saw the appearance of a new phenomenon - the soldier-poet. For the first time, war poetry appeared designed to educate its audience to the horrors of war. The First World War provides a unique moment in the twentieth-century in which literate soldiers, plunged into inhuman conditions, reacted to their surroundings by writing poetry. In fact, as subsequent years have proved, those poems have gone on to give a vision of this historical event to the public which otherwise would probably have gone unknown since it was a period of time when there was no reporting as we know it, in terms of front line war correspondents for newspapers, radio or television. Rupert Brooke Brooke was born in 1887 at Rugby where his father was a housemaster. One of the many ironies of the war is that Rupert Brooke is remembered as a war poet because his actual war experience consis... ...because it only addresses the poet’s feelings of personal loss. It has similarities in tone to both The Soldier and In Flanders Fields because of its romantic nature. It is not at all alike Dulce et Decorum Est since that is purely relating to the horrors of War and Vera Brittain doesn’t directly discuss the issue of war in her poem at all and unless the reader knew she had lost someone in WW1 she might have been writing about the loss of anyone close to her who had died under any circumstance. My Favourite Poem I prefer Perhaps of all the poems because it is beautifully written and is very touching. When I read the poem for the first time I was genuinely affected by what she said and the way she said it. I could see the imagery in her words and feel her pain at the loss of her fiancà ©e. It is a sad poem but the words themselves are very beautiful.

First Day of High School Essay

Walking into a brand new school for the first time with a bundle of happiness and a twisted knot in your stomach indicating just how nervous you really are, sure is a way to start your first day of high school. It is natural on the part of every student to remember the first day at school. Recently, I just became a 9th grader. I remember the day as a unclear haze, that resembled a impossible puzzle to complete. The night before was spent with stories of high school back in the last couple decades or so. Ever so often was an, â€Å"Oh you’ll blend in,† â€Å"You’ve grown so much,† and â€Å"I cannot believe you’re already in high school.† Eventually the praise died down and it was time to climb into bed. The first thing I came to realize was a large building pacted tightly together within a compound wall. As small as I am, i couldn’t not seem to put the puzzle pieces together but luckily a map became my bestfriend. The schedule was confusing at first, since it was a long summertime before I had last read one. Nothing felt stable or ordered, everything seemed like it was going to be chaotic any minute. A few seconds later the bell rang, as I thought to myself how much I did not ever recall a harsh stop and ponder during the summer about miss the bell itself. The pattern went throughout the day as a class began, and after a long period a bell ended the period and began a new class. This went on for what felt like years. I walked through the halls and tried to categorize exactly what type of people I would be dealing with and I’ve realized the fact high school is anything but the type of events they describe in movies. Everyone seemed to fit each category perfectly, however it wasn’t quite the match. These faces appeared more normal and friendly. I remember my imagination of what high school was like when I was younger. I was just dying to experience all the new and exciting things that awaited me. From sports to boys to all the partying, I just wanted to know what everything was like and now that I’m finally here, I feel like I want to go back to when I was younger and not wish to grow up so much. As time goes on you find yourself getting to class earlier and earlier each day. Finding new routes, talking a little more, taking more time between  classes and the tension eases. The days do not get harder, but the work and study habits do. Later days of the school year are always easier then the first few. Some say that â€Å"high school was the best time of my life†, just like others say that high school was the worst time in their lives. To be honest, I am not sure which category I fall into yet. I’ve had a good start but I know high school won’t be picture perfect for me. The only thing I can say is that I am learning.

Female Foeticide: Death Before Birth Essay

It has been six long decades since India gained independence but many Indians are still trapped in age-old traditional beliefs. Here, ‘old beliefs’ imply the mindset of people who still find themselves in the trap of girl-boy inequality. The ‘liberal’ Indian society has failed to transform the other orthodox India. No doubt India is advancing at a fast pace in the field of science and technology, and also in aping of the western culture, but if we look at the grass root level, the picture is not so rosy; it is rather a dark, especially when it comes to how we treat the fairer sex. The status of females in India aptly symbolizes India’s status of being a developing nation – miles away from becoming a developed state. Of course, India deserves to be in this list because here, in this 21st century, the girl child continues to be murdered before she is born. Female foeticide is still prevalent in the Indian society, in fact, it has been a practice for hundreds of years. Narrow-minded people do not mind murdering their unborn daughters for the fear of giving huge amounts of dowry at the time of her marriage. Such people, whenever they discover they are going to have a girl child (through illegal sex selection tests), get the foetus aborted. Else they would continue to reproduce till they get a male heir. When price rise is already taking a toll on the standard of living, is it necessary to go in for more than two children irrespective of their gender? Many families put pressure on women to give birth to boy so that he can take family’s name forward, light the funeral pyre and be the bread earner of the family. But these days, are girls less competent than boys? Just look at the results of Board exams or any other competitive exams, girls mostly outshine boys. Women empowerment has led to inundation of females excelling in the corporate world, engineering and medical professions. Sadly, there have been numerous incidents of the foetus being found lying in farms, floating in rivers, wrapped up in jute bags etc. India’s major social problem is the intentional killing of the girl child. The struggle for a girl child starts the day her existence is known in her mother’s womb. The fear and struggle to survive swallow most of the girl’s life even if she is ‘allowed’ to live in this cruel world. In India, the girl child is considered a burden as huge amounts of money, gold and other items need to be given in the form of dowry when she gets married. Dowry is not the only reason for poor couple to abort their girl child. The ages old traditions, customs and beliefs of the Indian society are largely responsible for creating a negative mindset among the couples. More shocking is the fact that the sinful crime of female foeticide is not only common in rural areas where social discrimination against women, lack of proper education etc. ca n be considered as reasons behind carrying out such acts, but also the ultra modern, so-called ‘educated’ people living in urban areas and metropolitan cities who are a step ahead in killing the girl child in the womb. The truth behind this crime has been brought into light several times by the print and electronic media. But, it has failed to melt the hearts and minds of those who remain unaffected by the consequences of the grave sin they are committing. The matter was discussed in length and breadth in the inaugural episode of the show ‘Satyamave Jayate’ anchored by Bollywood actor Aamir Khan. The show has once again ignited the spirited discussion on the female foeticide in the country. That episode had mothers from different parts of rural and urban India talking about the pressure and the problems they faced for delivering a girl child. Although the show is doing really well and has already garnered positive reviews from the audiences, we will have to wait and see whether the impact will remain even after the programme stops beaming into our drawing rooms every Sunday. The emotional connect which the show has successfully created should be strong enough to stop the killing of the girl child before being born. If we look at the figures of sex ratio in India, according to the 2011 Census, the number of girls stands at 940 which is a marginal increase from 933 in 2001. Not surprisingly, Haryana has the lowest sex ratio among the states while Kerala remains at the top with the highest sex ratio. In the national capital Delhi, the statistics stand at 821 girls against 1000 boys in 2001 compared to 866 in 2011. According to the statistics, nearly 10 million female foetuses have been aborted in the country over the past two decades. Of the 12 million girls born in India, one million do not see their first birthdays. As a result, human trafficking has become common in various states of India where teenage girls are being sold for cheap money by poor families. The girls are treated as sex objects and more than half of such cases go unreported. The United Nations’ World Population Fund indicated that India has one of the highest sex imbalances in the world. Not surprisingly, demographers warn that there will be a shortage of brides in the next 20 years because of the adverse juvenile sex ratio, combined with an overall decline in fertility. With the advent of technology, ultrasound techniques gained widespread use in India during the 1990s. It resulted in the foetal sex determination and sex selective abortion by medical professionals. Recently, incidences of female foeticide were reported from Beed district in Maharashtra where women used to come to a doctor’s clinic to get their female child aborted for Rs 2000. Just think for a moment about the doctor’s connivance in this illegal act. Doctors, whose aim is to save the lives of people, happily kill the foetus for a meagre two thousand bucks! And more heart wrenching is the fact that the aborted foetuses were very often fed to dogs. The above mentioned case is not the only one of such heart wrenching heinous crimes. There are thousands of such clinics where illegal activities are carried out on a daily basis and in some cases, in connivance with politicians and police men. The life transition from a female foetus to a school going girl to a caring woman is never an easy task for the fairer sex. She has to face challenges at every step of her life. Daily, there is news related to rape, sexual harassment, molestation, verbal abuse, torture, exploitation. She has to fight against gender indiscrimination, inequality, and hundreds of social norms are tagged with her the day she puts her steps outside her home. In most of the cases, women abort their female child involuntarily when they succumb to family pressures. The in-laws’ illogical demand/ desire for a boy preference makes the life of women hell. Sometimes, she is left by her husband if she is unable to give birth to a child and worse happens when she conceives a girl child. Ironically, it all happens in a country where the girl is seen as an incarnation of Goddess ‘Laxmi’. True, many families are out of bounds in joy when a girl child is born in their family. They think she will bring luck, harmony, happiness and peace in their family. They even touch her feet to seek her blessings. Many childless couples even adopt a girl child irrespective of the worries of her future (mainly marriage). In such a grim scenario, it’s really difficult to digest the harsh reality of the differences between a boy and a girl. India has a deeply rooted patriarchal attitude to which even the doctors and the women, who in spite of being the victims, unthinkingly subscribe. There is an urgent need of undoing the historical and traditional wrongs of a gendered society; only then the hope of abolition of female infanticide and boy preference can positively adjust the figures in favour of the girl child in future. The skewed sex ratio has to find a balance in order to maintain the progress of the country.

Lester Beall essays

Lester Beall essays Lester Beall was one of the most prolific and influential designers of the early to mid-twentieth century. Philip Meggs in his A History of Graphic Design, credits Beall with "almost single-handedly launching the Modern movement in American design." He changed the way graphic design was perceived by people both involved in and outside of the profession. Beall felt that designing something simply to make it visually appealing was j ust not good enough; that design had the higher purpose of being a means to an end, an instrument of communication. He was quoted as saying that the designer "must work with one goal in mind-to integrate the elements in such a manner that they will combine to produce a result that will convey not merely a static commercial message, but an emotional reaction as well. If we can produce the kind of art which harnesses the power of the human instinct for that harmony of form, beauty and cleanness that seems inevitable when you see it... then I think we may be doing a job for our clients." He graduated from the University of Chicago with a bachelors degree in Art History, but as a designer, he was mostly self taught. The influence of European Avant Garde and Bauhaus artists and designers such as Herbert Bayer, El Lissitzky, and Lazlo Moholy-Nagy is obvious in the bright, flat colors and dynamic placement of geometric elements seen in most of his work. This philosophy is most evident in the series of posters Beall did for the U. S. government between 1937 and 1941, especially those for the Rural Electrification Administration, which were designed to encourage rural residents to electrify their homes. The posters display examples of the basic needs of daily rural life, such as light, running water for laundry, farm work, and radio communication stated simply and quietly in slab typefaces and represented by a silhouetted graphic image. This would usually be depicted resting on a flat horizon with brigh...

Definition and Examples of Echo Utterances in English

Definition and Examples of Echo Utterances in English An echo utterance is  speech that repeats, in whole or in part, what has just been said by another speaker. Sometimes called simply echo. An  echo utterance, says  Ãƒâ€œscar Garcà ­a Agustà ­n, isnt necessarily an utterance attributable to a specific person; it can refer to a group of people or even to popular wisdom (Sociology of Discourse, 2015).  A direct question that repeats part or all of something which someone else has just said is called an echo question. Examples and Observations Claire Dunphy: All right, everybody back to work!Gloria Delgado-Pritchett: Everybody back to work!Claire Dunphy: I just said that.Gloria Delgado-Pritchett: And I co-said it.(Julie Bowen and Sofà ­a Vergara, Dance Dance Revelation. Modern Family, 2010) Olivia: If the temperature is dropping, this mess could freeze up. We got to get outta here.Cassie: We got to get out of here.Olivia: I just said that. Where are you going?Cassie: If the temperature is dropping, this mess could freeze up.Olivia: I just said that.Cassie: We got to get out of here.Olivia: I just said that!(Marsha A. Jackson, Sisters. The National Black Drama Anthology, ed. by Woodie King. Applause Theater Books, 1995) Echo Utterances and Meanings We repeat one another. This is how we learn to talk. We repeat one another, and we repeat ourselves. An  echo utterance is a type of spoken language that repeats, in whole or in part, whats just been said by another speaker, often with contrasting, ironic, or contradictory meaning. How old are you, Bob asks.Nineteen, Gigi says.He says nothing, as this does not deserve the courtesy of response.Seventeen, she says.Seventeen?Well, not quite, she says. Sixteen until I get to my next birthday.Sixteen? Bob asks. SIX-teen?Well, maybe not exactly, she says. (Jane Vandenburgh,  Architecture of the Novel: A Writers Handbook. Counterpoint, 2010) Echo Utterances and Attitudes Wolfram Bublitz, Neal R. Norrick,  A phenomenon that is not extra communicative and still represents hardly an instance of metacommunication is the so-called  echo-utterance, where the speaker echoes the preceding speaker by repeating some linguistic material yet giving a specific turn to it . . ..  Echo statements such as in the following example  usually just convey attitudes toward the propositional state of affairs quoted/echoed. He: Its a lovely day for a picnic.[They go for a picnic and it rains.]She: (sarcastically) Its a lovely day for a picnic, indeed.(Sperber and Wilson, 1986: 239) (Axel Hà ¼bler, Metapragmatics. Foundations of Pragmatics, ed. by  Wolfram Bublitz et al. Walter de Gruyter, 2011) The Fifth Type of Sentence The traditional classification of major sentences recognizes statements, questions, commands . . . and exclamations. But there is a fifth type of sentence, used only in dialogue, whose function is to confirm, question, or clarify what the previous speaker has just said. This is the echo utterance.Echo utterance structure reflects that of the preceding sentence, which it repeats in whole or in part. All types of sentences can be echoes. StatementsA: John didnt like the filmB: He didnt what?Questions:A: Have you got my knife?B: Have I got your wife?!Directives:A: Sit down here.B: Down there?Exclamations:A: What a lovely day!B: What a lovely day, indeed! Usage Echoes sometimes sound impolite unless accompanied by an apologetic softening phrase, such as Im sorry or I beg your pardon. This is most noticeable with the question What did you say?  often shortened to What? Dont say what, say pardon is a common parental plea to children.(David Crystal, Rediscover Grammar. Pearson Longman, 2004) Read More Broken-Record ResponseConversation AnalysisRepetitionSpeech ActUtterance

Apply Design Guidelines to Human-Computer Interaction Methods Essay - 1

Apply Design Guidelines to Human-Computer Interaction Methods - Essay Example The information herein is usually tipped on the interface through the use icons while others are contained in the menu among other features. Nonetheless, the contextual texts help in facilitating to explain controls, functions, and processes. Additionally, the web design shall employ the use of icon, menu, and tooltips to help the user interact effectively and conveniently with the user. Moreover, there will be the use of hyperlinks to link users to others related information. Finally, there will be the use of the system message to inform the user of the system state at any point of the work or the error conditions that may be made in the entry boxes. It should be noted that the design will employ the hypertext since the application and usability website to be designed will be used everywhere around the globe that will also engulf hypertext markup language. There are numerous online Documentations, and the commonly used online documentation is the online help. Regardless of the interface designing, some help facilities are often considered and incorporated into the design. The commonly used help methods that shall be incorporated in the web design include that contextual help, procedural help, referential help, and the conceptual help. Notably, these helper methods are top deployed since they are highly compatible with the Microsoft that may users are likely to use in using the website designed. In addition, each of these helpful resources has a distinct format that must be incorporated as well as spelling the how the text contained in each should be written. Furthermore, their formats often range from short phrases to lengthy explanation depending on the text help method in use. As had been mentioned, the Hypertext often serves two vital roles in defining the protocols that help in defining the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) (Heim, 2008) and the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) both of which play significant roles  in the functionality and usability of the World Wide Web.  

Compares and contrasts formative, summative, and confirmative Research Paper

Compares and contrasts formative, summative, and confirmative evaluation in the instructional design process - Research Paper Example Here, the clarity, impact and feasibility of the message and the instruction are determined. In the small group evaluation, the entire group is handed similar feedback based on grouped outcome of the successes or difficulties. This effectively addresses the instruction rather than the learners. In the field trial evaluation, the instructor uses the design and course materials already modified twice to present a full-scale instructional session. Challenges with formative evaluation are often found in feasibility matters. Students’ capabilities, instructional environment and medium greatly impact the outcome of the stage. The motivation, independence and maturity of individual students will determine the required time to complete the stage (Smaldino, Rusell & Heinrich, 2005). Summative evaluation is beneficial because it is possible to develop consistent, standardized sets of information on each learner. It also creates a justification for wide-scale decision making in education programs. Summative evaluation uses two phases to assess the worth or merit of a program. The inclusion of external evaluators is beneficial because it adds value to the evaluation and design of the learning process and materials. In the expert judgment phase, feasibility, content, design and congruence analysis are examined. In the field trial phase, outcome and management analysis are examined. It further looks at the impact on the students, job and organization. Essentially, the performance of the group in relation to the set objective is analyzed by the instructional designer in various ways (Gagne, Wager & Keller, 2005). Organizational resources and needs are aligned with the program through congruence analysis; goals are identified through content analysis; sufficiency of modules of instructional strategies is evaluated through design analysis; and feasibility analysis is in relation to the materials’ utility. Summative evaluation is challenged when it comes to balanci ng process and product measures and preventing backwards implication; anticipating the scope of positive and negative consequences of using results of summative assessment; attending to both non-cognitive and affective features of flourishing academic programs; and the information’s timeliness (Gagne, Wager & Keller, 2005). In confirmative evaluation, there is a follow up of the students after they are out of the program. It is beneficial because instructors get to know their competitive levels and how well they are making use of the knowledge and information they gain from their programs. This is a marriage of the other evaluations and programs in continuous improvement. Unlike the other kinds used at the designing and learning levels, confirmative evaluation comes months after implementation of the program (Morrison, Ross & Kemp, 2004). Endurance of outcomes, efficiency and return on investments are tested. However, the challenge is that the evaluators and students are forc ed to commit themselves to the full scope of evaluation. Identifying and including all the stakeholders, especially decision makers and activity planners, is also a problem. Question Two Formative assessment is an ongoing measurement in educational preparation aiming at the improvement of student learning. It provides information crucial in the monitoring of an individual’

Reformists or Fundamentalists for Iran Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reformists or Fundamentalists for Iran - Essay Example This difference leaves the citizen with a choice to make in a democratic nation like Iran (Koontz 98). No party is said to be perfect in their ideas since, in either side, there are both positive and negative effects. However, having compared the goals ideologies and their take on religion, I will advocate for the reformists. This paper seeks to examine the main agenda of the reformists compared to those of the fundamentalists by analyzing their respective ideology, theocracy and religion. The goals that the reformists seek to achieve make them distinct from the fundamentalists. Their main objective is to preserve theocracy in the country. They put emphasis on the need of bringing certain democratic reforms into existence (Koontz 25). Every Iranian should be aware of his or her right accordingly and no one should be discriminated in regards to the gender or the tribe. For instance, in this years elections’ campaigns the reformists who had found refuge in the West due to p ost-election repression of 2009, had come up with a competing discourses as to what reform should be composed of and how an Islamic Republic should look like (Seifzadeh 254). This, according to me makes reformists admirable than the fundamentalists, who base their theocracy on the belief that not all people are equal. To illustrate the theocracy of the fundamentalists, we examine on their belief about the nature of women and men and their roles in society. They argue that, in Iran, women are inferior to men both mentally and physically. Their duties were restricted to child bearing and nurturing prescribed by their biological determinism. They were also to ensure comfort and satisfaction to their husbands. The Fundamentalists sought to suppress the roles performed by women and enhanced control of men over women. They ensured that their visibility in public was not guaranteed. This is not a true picture of a democratic country

The Study Of Human Computer Interaction

The Study Of Human Computer Interaction Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the study of interaction between people or users and computers. It is often regarded as the intersection of design, computer science and several other fields of study. Interaction between users and computers occurs at user interface or simply interface. This includes both hardware and software such as object or characters are display by software on a personal computers monitor. The inputs receive from users via hardware peripherals. For example keyboard, mice. Human-computer interaction (HCI) studies a human and a machine in conjunction. It draws from supporting knowledge on both the machine and the human side. On the machine side which techniques in operating system, programming language, computer graphics and development environment are relevant. Other, the human side have communication theory, graphic and industrial design disciplines, social science, linguistics, cognitive psychology and human factors are relevant. Human-computer interaction (HCI) is a wide discipline which studies all the elements linked to the human use of computer and software by association. It also concerns devices which can be linked to computer such as mobile devices, computerized consoles and video terminals. The main aim of Human-computer interaction (HCI) is to make the use of software and computerized devices as simply and easy to understand as possible which with the aim of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the action taken at the same time. Human-computer interaction (HCI) covers all the main stage of the productive flow from design of the user interface to the investigation of the result obtained, passing via the search for innovative solutions and the laboratory assessment of prototypes. This is another reason why Human-computer interaction (HCI) involves aspects linked to a number of disciplines, including: Your password is what tells the computer that you are who you say you are. Until we can do retina scans like in James Bond movies, the password is the best that we can do. But, because your password is like a key to your account, you need to safeguard it. Anyone who has your password can get into your account, and your files. Anyone who can guess your password has it. Anyone who has your password can pose as you. Therefore, you may be held responsible for someone elses actions, if they are able to get your password. You may not wish this to happen. Tips on safeguarding your password First and foremost, NEVER give your password to anyone. Anyone means your coworkers, your spouse, your systems administrator. In the event of an emergency, the sysadmin can change your password. Your sytems administrator never has a need to know your personal password. If someone needs to get onto our machines, and has a reason to be here, do not give them access to your account. Speak to the systems staff about us setting up an account for them. We would be very happy to give them one. Make your password something you can remember. Do not write it down. If you really, honestly forget your password, we can easily give you a new one. Wed rather set your password once a month because you forgot it than have someone find it written down and gain unauthorized access to your account. Make your password difficult for others to guess. This is not as hard as it initially seems. See the section below on chosing a good password. DO NOT Change your password because of mail from someone claiming to be your systems administrator, supposedly needing access to your files!! This is a popular scam in some circles. Remember, your systems administrator never needs your password for any reason. If someone needs to ask you to change your password so that they can gain entry to your account, they do not have reason to be there. We run sophisticated password crackers on the password files of our machines. If we guess your password, you will have to come see a staffer to have it changed. These are the same crackers that the bad guys have access to, so if you have a weak password, its better if we find out about it first. How Not to Choose a Password Here are some of the types of passwords that will be picked up by our crackers: Words in the dictionary. Words in any dictionary. Your user name. Your real name. Your spouses name. Anyones name (crackers dont necessarily know that your aunts middle name is Agnes, but its easy enough to get a list of 100,000 names and try each one). Any word in any cracking dictionary. There are lists of words that crackers use to try to crack passwords: passwords that a lot of people use. Some of these lists include: Abbreviations, Asteroids, Biology, Cartoons, Character Patterns, Machine names, famous names, female names, Bible, male names, Movies, Myths-legends, Number Patterns, Short Phrases, Places, Science Fiction, Shakespeare, Songs, Sports, Surnames Any of the above, with a single character before or after it (8dinner, happy1). Any of the above, capitalized (cat > Cat) Any of the above, reversed (cat > tac), doubled (cat > catcat) or mirrored (cat > cattac). We used to tell people that taking a word and substituting some characters (a 0 (zero) for an o, or a 1 for an l) made a good password. This is no longer the case. New crackers have the capability to crack things like this, in certain situations. Words like foobar, xyzzy and qwerty are still just plain words. They are also popular passwords, and the crack programs look for them. Avoid them. Any of the sample passwords, good or bad, mentioned in this document. How to Choose a Good Password I know that coming up with a good password can be difficult, so here are some guidelines to use. Choose a password that is at least six characters long. This should be long enough to discourage a brute-force attack. Currently, the maximum password length on many Unix systems is eight characters, but if you want to add a few more characters to make it easier to remember, go ahead. Just bear in mind that anything after the eighth character will be ignored (so abnormalbrain is the same as abnormal). In general, a good password will have a mix of lower- and upper-case characters, numbers, and punctuation marks, and should be at least 6 characters long. Unfortunately, passwords like this are often hard to remember and result in people writing them down. Do not write your passwords down! At work, your network people will require you to change your password every several days. At home, you should rotate your passwords as a matter of good computer hygiene. If you are using different passwords for differents websites, you can do yourself a favor by rotating portions your passwords every few weeks. Note that rotating parts of the password, not the entire passwords, will help deter hackers from stealing your phrases. If you can memorize three or more passwords at the same time, then you are in good shape to resist brute force hacker attacks. My conclusion is The graphical password schemes we considered in this study have the property that the space of passwords can be exhaustively searched in short order if an offline search is possible. So, any use of these schemes requires that guesses be mediated and confirmed by a trusted online system. In such scenarios, we believe that our study is the first to quantify factors relevant to the security of user-chosen graphical passwords. I recommendation that every month change one time password for safe. All security things dont let anyone know. Special security question. Because security question is help user find back forget password. character and number mix together is a best password.

Three Different Types of Human Memory Essay example -- Human Mind, Bra

"Memory is the diary we all carry about with us," Oscar Wilde once said. Now for a second imagine a life without any memories! One wouldn't be able to remember his/her name, how to look after themselves or to even recognize their own friends and family. It would be impossible to live happily without ones memories. That is why our memories are such vital points in our lives. They are the building blocks of our current selves. Due to those reasons it is very useful to find as much information regarding it as possible. For that very purpose this research paper has been written. The purpose of this research is to uncover the truth regarding how the human brain stores and retrieve memories. Throughout this research, topics such as definition of memory, types of memory, diseases resulting in difficulties with memory, as well as the most known phenomena dà ©jà  vu which is caused by a certain type of memory process will be discussed. The word memory can be defined in many ways depending on the field that the term memory is used in. To start of, the most commonly used definition for the term memory is the name given to the human’s ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the brain. It is a sum of what we remember in total and it enables us to learn and adapt from previous experiences and to build relationships. Etymologically, the modern English word memory has originated from the passed down Latin word memoria and memor which means mindful and remembering. In neurological and psychological terms memory is simply classified as a set of encoded neural connections in the brain. Since the development of the computer in the 1940s, the word memory is also used to describe the ability of a compu... ...althcommunities.com/parkinsons-disease/symptoms.shtml Mastin (2010). The Human Memory. Retrieved January 26, 2014, from http://www.human-memory.net/types.html Memory of Time May Be Factor in Parkinson's (vol.21). (1996). Retrieved from Columbia University Record website: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/archives/vol21/vol21_iss22/record2122.15.html University of Toronto (2004, May 7). Scientists Uncover How Brain Retrieves And Stores Older Memories. Science Daily. What makes the human brain unique? (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2014, from http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/WhoAmI/FindOutMore/Yourbrain/Howdoesyourbrainwork/Whatarethepartsofyourbrain/Whatmakesthehumanbrainunique.aspx When deja vu is more than just an odd feeling. (2006, February 13). Retrieved from http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=2c4f7afd-5a3a-4e52-a2fb-bc729692bfb4&k=48785

Comprises the spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features Essay

It comprises the spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of a society and includes, in addition to the arts and letters, the value systems, traditions, modes of life and beliefs of the society. It also absorbs from other cultures and undergoes changes with time, sometimes beneficial, sometimes regressive. When the word â€Å"culture† is mentioned, we can think of many things as â€Å"cultural†, such as language, clothings†¦ etc, because we classify cultures of different places. However, culture is so valuable that it has to be kept for thousands of years,and passed on by one generation to another. Culture is so important that it is more than its distinct visible features, if we extends this to the inner self of a person, to members within a society, further to the whole community, maybe we can find some answers by finding out how they are affected by culture. Culture represents a whole community, to investigate how culture changes one’s inner values, we have to define some common beliefs, just like clothing that has some features that help distinguish its cultural background. People having the same cultural background, in general, are likely to behave in a similar way, because their education and religion background have also cultural elements. It is true that personalities are different for everyone, but culture can affect people to a certain degree because it provides an environment from which they obtain their values, especially for children at young age. For example, chinese are generally considered to be more respectful but the westerners are more open-minded and outspoken, their education style has played an important role, because in Chinese culture children have to learn to be composed and be polite and there is a border line between teachers and students, whereas in western they tend to be active to be appreciated by the teachers. Therefore people from different cultural backgrounds will have a diversity of ways expressing the same intention. Culture is important because it has some values that are automatically fill in a person’s mind through an environment, which changes one’s deeds. Culture also plays an important role to the interactions between members within a community. When the same culture can cause similarities of values, this can bond people with the same culture together because they will feel comfortable and easier because it confirms their values. On the other hand, they may find other cultures odd if they neglect cultural difference. Culture can pull a person closer, or further away to the majority, therefore culture is very important to the communication network in a society as well, maining the relationship among people. Since culture can form invisible bonds between members in the community, this can hold people with the same cultural background together, passing on the values. This propogation of values is can not only transmit culture knowledge and retain the relationship among people, it also builds up a long term tradition after years and years. Culture is strengthened in this way because it can give background and reference to its later generations of its ability of keeping the long-term tradition, gaining the sense of belonging of people to the country of that culture. It is important in terms of the development of a community as a whole, as it forms cultural groups together which help passing culture on from one generation to the next one, maintaining the existence of some traditional values. Culture contains elements that affect one’s inner values other than just external characteristics, which those values play an important role in his whole life. The communications between people are also based on culture to some extent and this forms cultural groups, passing cultural knowledge on, building up a cultural status to a country for years which people with the same cultural background will find them belonging.

Masculinity portrayed in “The Great Gatsby” Essay

Masculinity is a well known stereotype that often defines men as being tough, strong, and having no emotions. In most cases, their work tends to identify their level of masculinity. In The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, The Great Gatsby by Scott F. Fitzgerald, and The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, the male characters create their identities through their abilities to provide for their families. In these three texts, the males portray their masculinity by their roles as head of the family and their work and wealth. As a tradition in many cultures, the males assume the position as head of the family. In most cases, their family responsibilities and obligations establish their masculinity. Pa was the head of the family now (Steinbeck 139). In The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, Pa became the leader of the family after Grandpa died. Pa took over Grandpas role in the family and was responsible for the whole family in result. Traditionally, the position of the family leader is passed down to the eldest male. Similar to Pa in The Grapes of Wrath, Tom in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, demonstrated his masculinity as the head of the household after his father had abandoned the family. I mean that as soon as Laura has got somebody to take care of her, married, a home of her own, independent — Why, then youll be free to go wherever you please, on land, on sea, whichever way the wind blows you! (Williams 35). Tom is obligated to support his family, especially his crippled sister Laura, until she finds a husband. Because Tom was the only male in his sister and mothers lives, he had to assume household responsibilities, as most men did for their families. Ultimately, Pa and Tom expose their masculinity by obtaining the duties of being in charge of their families. Customarily, a mans masculinity is defined through his wealth, occupation, or means of work. Throughout society, it is a stereotype that if a man makes a sufficient amount of money and has a job that easily supports himself and or his family, he is masculine. If he has a small, not so important, low earning job, then he is typically considered less masculine. In The Grapes of Wrath, Pa struggles to prove his masculinity. Well what the hell am I gonna do? Were out of money. One of my boys got a short job but that wont  feed us. (Steinbeck 374). Pa gets frustrated because hes helpless when it comes to work. He does not feel like he is supporting his family, therefore he feels like he is masculinity is diminishing. Different from Pa, Tom and Gatsby in The Great Gatsby are able to successfully display their masculinity by the amount of wealth that they have. Tom Buchanans arrogance and pride that he shows toward his wealth seems to prove his masculinity to his mistress Myrtle. They are both hung up on his money and Tom likes to flaunt it. Because Tom is wealthy, Myrtle sees him as the perfect gentleman. Two shining arrogant eyes had established dominance over his face (Fitzgerald 7). Tom is described as being clearly aware of his power and manliness. Like Tom, Jay Gatsby also has a large fortune. The fact that Mr. Gatsbys money is entirely earned from work, unlike Tom whose money is passed down through the family, also displays masculinity. His gorgeous home and lavish parties provided by his abundant wealth makes the community realize how much he earns, which otherwise depicts his masculinity. Masculinity is identified in The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, The Great Gatsby by Scott F. Fitzgerald, and The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, through the male characters abilities to support their families, which also touches upon their jobs and wealth. In modern society, while masculinity still seems to be based on a mans ability to provide for his family, the type of job he has, or the money that he earns, it plays a crucial and distinctive role in the way that people view men. Overall, it classifies their level of manliness. Furthermore, men tend to strive to gain these qualities that illustrate masculinity, as it is portrayed in these three novels.

Just Color and Work Essay

Just Color and Work Essay Just: Color and Work Essay DIA â€Å"Scavenger Hunt† Daniel Cronin Section: 1609 October 13, 2013 Sloan: McSorley’s Bar, 1912 John Sloan (1871-1951) Painted in 1912 Subject: My interpretation of what the painting is about is to give the viewer a depiction of the saloongoers; since during this time there was a lot of anti-saloons I think the artist wanted to give people a better depiction of what was happening in these solons, especially in one of the most major solons in New York. Theme: The theme of this painting seems to me to be urban and captures that moment in time or that moment in history. I believe the artist is trying to make us the viewer understand that these bars or solons are negative or bad to society. My belief of that can be seen for the colors this artist has used; Sloan used more realistic colors, the colors are less intense and duller, and feature colors that are darker and generally the same hue. Medium: The medium the artist constructed is oil on canvas. I particularly like his choice because the oil on canvas almost creates a dreamy affect and make me ponder what it would be like to be in that bar at the time or what life was really like during this time. Primary and Secondary Colors: In this painting there really aren’t any primary colors being used, the artist uses more secondary colors then anything else, blacks, brown, tan, and orange. The artist uses duller color rather than more intense colors which amplifies the theme of this painting. Importance of Color: The importance of the secondary colors (duller colors) in this painting is to show the theme and meaning. The artist choice of colors really gives me a better interpretation behind the painting. It allows me to understand that the solons are a drain on life and society, which is my interpretation of the painting. Mood: My interpretation of the mood of this work is sorrow or the lack of life. As you can see in the painting the only people in these solons are men, not children and not women. When you think of women and children you think of joy, happiness and life so as I look at this work I think to my self as if I were these men. I just got off a 12-15 hour shift and rather than go home to a house full of children and a wife that is going to complain I’d rather meet with my friends and co-workers at this bar and talk about how horrible work and life is. To reiterate mostly, depressing, sorrow and lack of life. The Title: The title to me is rather plain but it has some major historical background to it. This is an actual bar in New York where people would meet, drink and discuss daily life. Organization: The overall organization of this piece is great. There is not a lot of disjunction is this piece and you can clearly interpret what is going on in this work. Overall very realistic, something that you would actually picture going into a bar or solon. Assessment: My opinion of this work would be great. I love this piece is general not just because I’m a history nut but because it clearly represent life during this time using colors, depicting the mood, the great linear line of subject and a great understanding of the theme. I would say that this is one of the more successful pieces that I have examined. Ruisdael: The Jewish Cemetery, 1655-60 Jacob van Ruisdael (1629-1682) Painted from 1655-1660 Subject: The subject of this piece is landscape. My interpretation of Jon Van Ruisdael The Jewish Cemetery is that he wants you to focus on the entire piece and to really analyze the details of this realistic work of art. Theme: The theme of this work to me is to evoke emotion, specifically through death and you can see this through the use of nature in this panting. There is a lot of symbolism in this canvas; portrayed through death and destruction and then contrasted with a rainbow, symbolizing nature's ability to grow and regenerate. Medium: The medium in this painting is oil and canvas this to me really helps portray the

Questions Labor Relations Essay Example

Questions Labor Relations Essay Example Questions Labor Relations Paper Questions Labor Relations Paper However, it is not absolutely necessary for teachers to be unionized to ensure that they have their labor protection and financial needs met. Emerson) When unions completely vanish, Americans lose their right to bargain collectively for their pay and benefits. Even those who have never bargained collectively will feel some loss. Union workers usually maintain a 20% wage advantage over nonunion workers. From 1979 through 2006 the union density collapsed and real wages for managerial employees rose by 4%, whereas before the collapse during its peak, real wages rose by 75%. Workplace dissatisfaction does not occur as much as alienation. Union members tend to segregate themselves from nonunion members. This operation seems to OCCUr to allow union members to protect themselves and their union rights; where they find strength in their one-for-all and all- for-one stance. 2. List and discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages in using seniority as a factor to determine shift preference or overtime assignments. Personnel based off of seniority allows for one to look at the longevity of the worker and their knowledge of how the system works. If an employee has been with a corporation/industry for several years, they know the ropes of not only their job potentially, but the job of their manager and other nifty title tricks that can be useful when promoting or moving an employee up the ranks. A new employee, though they are vigorous and very hard working in their duties, need to be established and have already been invested in with training with their current job. To fill the job once again after recently employing the current positions is expensive for HER. Since seniority based personnel has more knowledge of the company and a greater long-term investment, it is more likely when there is an economic downturn to layoff new workers rather than those that have been with a company over an extended period of time. This is an advantage when factoring the determination of shift preference or overtime assignments since there is loyalty from the employee and it would be best to satisfy those that managers feel that they can count on. Small Business) The downside of using seniority of the workplace to determine shift/overtime scheduling is that some workers that are unionized tend to be less proactive on assignments and may take twice the time to finish a project than a younger individual who has a better work ethic. On a personal note, I am fairly new at my current job. I have been here for only 5 weeks, whereas some employees have been working at the retail outlet for 3-5 months. Have been promoted more quickly through the ranks due to my work ethic and now am an assistant manager for the outlet store. Because of my bill ¶y to work hard, can request time off or particular schedule changes when needed for medical appointments or as I am tying to schedule my wedding. Also, anyone beneath the ranks of assistant manager are not allowed to work over 39 hours, whereas managers are eligible for overtime work compensation pay. 3. Identify two different steps a company should take to prepare for its first round of bargaining with the union pre-negotiation activities. Explain why each of the steps you have identified is critical to achieving an initial successful collective bargaining agreement with the union. Both parties should bargain in good faith in the collective bargaining process; meaning that there is a mutual obligation and understanding that both parties must participate actively to come to an agreement. It is important determine the category of bargaining: mandatory, permissive, or illegal. Mandatory category includes wages, health safety, management risk, work conditions, and benefits; permissive category is non- required requests but are brought up during the bargaining process; illegal category is topics that are obviously not allowed to be discussed. Aids) After both parties are prepared to present their side of the bargain, negotiation teams are set up and consist of individuals with the knowledge of the organization and must have the skills to be an effective negotiator. The most important part of the preparation step is the understanding in both parties of he working conditions and the dissatisfaction with of working conditions. The management teams should also prepare and anticipate union demands to better prepare for compromises. Aids) After both sides have prepared and set up a time, the novo parties present their proposals to each other. In this step, it will likely involved an opening statement and options on how to resolve the current issues that will be presented. The most important part of this step is to approach the proposal with a lets make it work attitude. After the initial discussion, each party goes back to the drawing board to determine which request can and cant be honored. (Aids) 4. Identify and explain the major ways in which the government is an important participant in the labor relations.

Knowledge Encyclopedia - DK and Smithsonian Institution

Knowledge Encyclopedia - DK and Smithsonian Institution Summary Knowledge Encyclopedia is a large (10† X 12† and 360 pages) book from DK Publishing that benefits from big, colorful computer generated images, including 3D images. The book, developed with the Smithsonian Institution, provides detailed information for each of its many illustrations.   While the publisher recommends the book for ages 8 to 15, I think younger children and adults will also find the book full of fascinating illustrations and facts and I recommend it for age 6 to adults. The Illustrations The emphasis throughout Knowledge Encyclopedia is on visual learning.   Beautifully constructed and detailed illustrations are used to present information and the text is used to fully explain the visual images. The illustrations include photographs, maps, tables and charts, but it is the computer generated images of animals, the human body, planets, habitats and much more that make this book spectacular.   The illustrations are fascinating, making the reader anxious to read all the text in order to learn more. The Organization of the Book Knowledge Encyclopedia is divided into six major categories: Space, Earth, Nature, Human Body, Science and History. Each of these categories has a number of sections: Space The 27-page long Space category has two sections: The Universe and Space Exploration. Some of the topics covered include: The Big Bang, galaxies, the sun, solar system, astronomy, space mission to the moon and exploring the planets. Earth The Earth category has six sections: Planet Earth, Tectonic Earth, Earth’s Resources, Weather, Shaping the Land and Earth’s Oceans.   Some of the topics covered in the 33-page section include: the Earth’s climate, volcanoes and earthquakes, rocks and minerals, hurricanes, the water cycle, caves, glaciers and the ocean floor. Nature The Nature category has five sections: How Life Began, The Living World, Invertebrates, Vertebrates and Survival Secrets.   Among the topics covered in the 59 pages are dinosaurs, how fossils form, plant life, green energy, insects, the life cycle of the butterfly. fish, amphibians, Frog life cycle, reptiles, the crocodile, how birds fly, mammals and the African elephant.   Ã‚   Human Body The 49-page Human Body category includes four sections: Body Basics, Fueling the Body, In Control and Life Cycle. Some of the topics covered include: the skeleton, how food moves from the mouth to the stomach, blood, air supply, the nervous system, brainpower, the sense, life in the womb, genes and DNA. Science There are four sections in the Science category, which is 55 pages long. Matter, Forces, Energy and Electronics include 24 different topics. Among them are atoms and molecules, the elements, laws of motion, gravity, flight, light, sound, electricity, the digital world and robotics. History The four sections of the History category are The Ancient World, The Medieval World, The Age of Discovery, and The Modern World. The 36 topics covered in the History categorys 79 pages include: the first humans, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, The Roman Empire, Viking raiders, religious wars and faiths, the Ottoman Empire, The Silk Road, voyage to the Americas, the Renaissance, Imperial China, the slave trade, The Enlightenment, wars of the 18th-21st Century, The Cold War and the 1960s.   Ã‚   Additional Resources Additional resources include a reference section, a glossary and an index. There is a wealth of information in the reference section, which is 17-pages long. Included are sky maps of the night sky, a map of the world, with information about time zones, continent size and continental populations; flags of countries around the world, an evolutionary tree of life; entertaining charts and statistics on remarkable animals and their feats and a variety of conversion tables, plus wonders, events and people throughout history. My Recommendation While I recommend Knowledge Encyclopedia for a wide range of ages (6 to adult), I also especially recommend it for reluctant readers, kids who love to collect facts and kids who are visual learners. It’s not a book you’ll want to read straight through. It’s a book you and your kids will want to dip into again and again, sometimes in search of specific information, sometimes to see what you can find that looks interesting. (DK Publishing, 2013. ISBN: 9781465414175) More Recommended Nonfiction Books The Scientists in the Field series is excellent. The books include: Kakapo Rescue: Saving the World’s Strangest Parrot, Digging for Bird Dinosaurs, The Snake Scientist and The Wildlife Detective.   I recommend the series for ages 9 to 14, although I have also found that some younger kids who favor nonfiction enjoy the books as read alouds. I recommend the following nonfiction books for kids with an interest in weather and natural disasters: Inside Tornadoes, Inside Hurricanes and Tsunamis: Witness to Disaster.   For more nonfiction resources, see my directories Tornadoes: Recommended Nonfiction Kids’ Books and Tsunamis: Nonfiction Kids’ Books.