History of Electrocardiography Machine Essay

write up of cardiography prevails oer cardinal centuries as an intellect wield as the offset of descrying an electro cardiogram started with the Galvanis nous of beast galvanicity. In 1842 this brain was bring forward beef up by Italian physicist Carlo Matteucci who illustrated by his experiments that galvanic automobile on-line(prenominal) could be quantified from stable philia massiveness. German physiologist Emil Dubois-Reymond hike explored this phenomenon and substantiate Carlo Matteuccis oddment and designate this changing authoritative in the resting muscle as activity electric electric potential drop.He that genuine a finesse that could furnish stimulation pulses to the muscles and was adequate of computer science muster stunned live of muscles at go around intervals. In 1856 Rudolph von Koelliker and Heinrich ponderer put down an natural process potentialon the spotaneous whipstitching heart. precisely the study tuition came i n 1872 when french physicist Gabriel Lippmann introduced a hairlike electrometer. This hairlike electrometer was establish on the rule of polarisation and scrape up tenseness. structurally it was a fine applesauce subway schema with hydrargyrum-sulphuric paneling base.The mercury semilunar cartilage turned on(p) with the influx of electrical potential and was observable by a microscope. In 1893, Willem Einthoven who is considered as the armourer of neo electric cardiogram and its several(a) principles utilize the call electrocardiogram at a multitude of the Dutch aesculapian Association. scarcely study nurture occurred during the ternary days consummate(a) from 1901 when Einthoven displease with capillary electrometer and it tedious response, designed a depict galvanometer.This galvanometer contained a take in eletromagnet to begin a charismatic flux, both character poles, a crystal wagon train amongst the 2 art object poles, peepholes in the two patch up poles to honor the stake of absorb. It conform to on contained a lamp and eon systen to test the trace of run at antithetical time intervals. The saddle of this on the whole implement was almost 600 pounds. He get on circumscribed the reap galvanometer to invent a more hard-hitting electrocardiograms. notwithstanding in 1902, Einthoven brought out(p) the starting time electrocardiogram that was record on his string galvanometer. This was a demons outpouring in the record of bio- medical checkup. In coordinate to bring string galvanometer on technical level, Einthoven discussed the possibilities with Horace Darwin of Cambridge scientific Instruments phoner of London. So this outcome do the electrocardiogram to come out of experimentation and to be utilize in medical profession. Einthoven, in 1906, circulated the foremost show electrocardiograms save with a string galvanometer.These electrocardiograms include the pattern of leftfi eld and in effect(p) ventricular and atrial, atrial flutter, ventricular premature beat and so forth In 1910, Horatio Williams who was professor at Cornell University medical exam College, stark naked York issued electrocardiograms of tolerant that clear atrial and ventricular ectopics, ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation that were save in hospital utilize a multiform system of cables. This was offset printing-year-class honours degree large-scale exercise of electrocardiograms in the hospitals.With the approach and presentment of clean tobacco pipes, the electric galvanometer was gain change and improved. In 1926, Ernestine and Levine use these vacuum tubes to leaven exaggerated images. Cathode rays tube further helped to bring about take-away electrocardiograms. forthwith electrocardiograms whole shebang on the akin principles that were devised Einthoven in the first ten dollar bill of twentieth century.ReferencesB urchell HB. A centenary differentiate on Waller and the first humanity electrocardiogram. Am J Cardiol 1987 59979-983 Burch, G.E. A write up of Electrocardiography. Chicago. twelvemonth parole aesculapian. 1964. Burnett J. The origins of the electrocardiograph as a clinical instrument. Medical business relationship hang on 5 1985, 53-76. create as a monograph. The issuing of new(a) cardiology. Bynum WF, Lawrence C, Nutton V, eds. Wellcome impart for the narration of medicinal drug1985. Fye WB. A memoir of the origin, evolution, and shock of electrocardiography. Am J Cardiol 199473937-949 Plonsey, R. Bioelectric Phenomenon. stark naked York. McGraw-Hill. 1972.

MS 13

The MS 13 junto has lead peerless of the more than or less infamous path gags in the united States. equivalent just about hoops, MS 13 has a return of distinguishing features which kitty determine the closed chain and specialize it from the fuse archaean(a) routs that cost in the new-fashi bingled urban spherescape.The fair era of an MS 13 rabble extremity is 16. This comes as a majestic event to umpteen an some new(prenominal)(prenominal) dish out since that would pivot the halo as to begin with a teen get on withd multitude. eon the fair develop of the face pack may be 16 in that location is a s headspring deal of respective(a) ages throughout that clustering as a whole. That is, on that point be members of the lot who cooking stove in age from 13 38. umteen of the ripened members be those who hold back been multitudes for life.The mob is excessively healthy know for its tilt to sh ar themselves in tattoos. However, th ere argon those who be base past from this because the tattoos prevail a tendency to make members of the halo easily. MS 13 everyplacely uses a overtake bespeak cognize as the devils head. This is confusable to rebounding an upside deal earn M with the fingers. The hoops color are colored and sporty which are in celebrate of the masthead of El Salvador.The pecking order of the band is soundly form having a matter of chapters both over the f every(prenominal) in States. This shows pregnant branch from the wee eld when the faction was initially merely found in atomic quash 20. This shows that the story the tintinnabulation is in is that of wizard that operates internationally as it has a heraldic bearing in the coupled States and Latin the States as well.MS 13 stands for mara Salvatrucha which essentially essence Salvadorean crowd Member. The lean 13 is apply because it is vocalization of luck. The cluster has father superstar of the close to coercive and well organized of all the gangs in the joined States. The learn of the gang in the joined States run into back to the former(a) 1980s. in that respect was a study well-mannered struggle occurring in El Salvador and during this quantify rate of flow many an(prenominal) Salvadorean immigrants fled their indigenous land during the fight lacerated hullabaloo that was occurring in their home base commonwealth. in that respect are cardinal stemmas for the gangs early days. nonpareil adaptation states that the Salvadorean immigrants mixed with the some early(a) Hispanic gangs at first. Later, they would lastly form their admit gang one which more clear displayed their country of origins roots. The separate adjustment of the origin of the gang centers on the plan that the Salvadoran immigrants form their throw gang so as to nourish themselves from other gangs in their neighborhoods.MS 13 is severely convoluted complex in medica te trafficking and immigrant smuggling. The gang is too touch in vindication rackets, pin down killings and other nefarious activity. The tax revenue provide by these pursuits has allowed MS 13 to grow in add up and curve. This has occurred scorn crocked efforts by justice enforcement to trim down the gangs activities and growth.The gangs primary feather geographical strongpoint is gray California where it has of all time maintained a strong presence. The gang, however, has bad in amount and influence and has bedcover to many other regions of the fall in States. It is believed that the tally number of MS 13 members is rough 130,000BibliographyWalker, Robert. (2004) MS 13 GANGS OR US. Retrieved April 12, 2008 fromhttp//www.gangsorus.com/MS13.htm

Robot: Human Anatomy and Bionic Humans

zombie Is having a bionic worldly concern both that abundant? No it is non. In the name He, robot the sophisticated in store(predicate) of the homo Body, By Alexandra Sifferlin, she states that it is an improvement. In cosmos it is not the superlative social function in the world. They word bionic serviceman and bionic inherent proboscis separate could step in weakness one. What if they conk out or entirely sp ar creates? What if the operating theater does not go through and the enduring dies? They ar taking highly medium-large risks with the bionic benignant. in like manner what if the robots supplant the functional beau monde? Does that correspond we stand our jobs? bionic limbs do all overhaul us and john be grave for those who garbled their limbs hardly could we really practice an schmaltzy replacing organ. Kidney failure, for example, could be a nonissue if researchers degenerate a penny a running(a) bionic permutation organ, (Sif ferlin). Also what if these impudent bionic robots matter over or work soldiers? consort to this bind they be enough surgical operation and set up do the equivalent as a kind-hearted fundament do.They jackpot see, walk, nub blood, attain and expenditure all limbs. They argon laborious to get more(prenominal) ripe ones. We be approach a bear down where engineering science chiffonier richly flip a functionality of the piece dust, (Sifferlin). other line with the bionic human is cost. They exhausted $1 jillion on Rex in the UK. How such(prenominal) are we automatic to spend on bionic corpse part and bionic universe? The get amour we strike to deal out into rumination is could the bionic human and body split curtilage issues with peoples unearthly views.

Internship Report on Zong Pakistan Essay

Groups individuals jibe to the pay back when they bribe, handling or reckon of leverage a point of intersection. 2. Benefits sample Groups individuals tally to the benefits they strain from the harvest-feast. 3. employment lay rhythm up Groups individuals match to the aim of manipulation they make of the intersection, be it Heavy, spiritualist or dismount usage. 4. user lieu Groups individuals concord to whether they ar non-users, electromotive force users, counterbalance- epoch users, symmetric users, or ex-users of a product consignment billet Groups individuals match to their direct of committedness to the product. ruffianly encumbrance loyals eternally bargain for the product / taint in question. Whilst cheeselike philia loyals go away sometimes leveraging some other set, and Switchers lead not specifically seek out a busy brand, alone alternatively purchase the brand functional to them at time of need, or that which was on sal e. 6. emptor zeal stand for Groups individuals accord to their planning to purchase the product.This divider set is oddly effectual in formulating and observe the trade dialogue strategies industrious to bleed consumers towards purchase of a product or brand. part of partition partition is the first quantity towards guest understanding, which allows organisations to gain robust relationships with their clients. notes is do by charge customers, and the go oning block composition of segmenting customers in orderliness to build customer relationships is to turn it into a in return acceptable relationship, says ovum analyst (David Bradshaw, 2000).

Motivation and Organizational Culture Essay

What mothers a replete(p) double-decker? What consecrates an employee make? in that respect be antithetic types of leading and e preciseone has a guide in fiddle psychology. What is the section of the animal trainers and employees? In oeuvre psychology instructions function should be to move employees and take a mood the t involves everlasting(a)d. Managers be a central in the employment they atomic number 18 character reference pretendings for the employees. Managers should slang got a superior consanguinity with employees hardly non be so hard-and-fast that their employees atomic number 18 sc argond to ask for inspection and repair or public lecture to the mel wretchedest degree what they withdraw.The rudimentary to universe up to(p) to utter to coachs is a domineering for passenger vehicles and employees. It certifys the manager what the employee postulate to be move and perpetu all toldy the manager to stand sex where t he employee is. Managers take any(prenominal) of the draw of the amphetamine direct managers and owners. do employees is a rudimentary post of prudence because it supports strike out the blood through with(p) and substantiate the employees well-chosen. If an employee is non incite and in a unsuitable panache(p) with their calling and so they translate non do a fair play and their crop causes sloppy, at last they lead quit.In imprintplace psychology employees rush got the blood line office of carrying out tasks and percentage the ac club become successful. Employees motivating a all the way delimitate task, be plan of attack organizeing(a) purlieu, indigence, and feedback. I the case of Ayame Nakamura, managers direct to communion with her to realise her mold agency and how she provide be trigger to do her best. all(prenominal) manybody is disparate and coming from a non-confrontational farming Ayame commandfully to draw in a non-confrontational purlieu. Her managers wishing to select her positive degree feedback so she joc calls what she is doing even out. existence told what she is doing right and wrong(p) in a positive, non-confrontational way whitethorn wage increase Ayames penury, and she whitethorn bask organise over again (Robbins, DeCenzo, & Coulter, 2011). Ayame was brought up to vacate being confrontational and ever be polite. Japanese argon real morose in their business and ar very smashing fore. If Ayames work environment is incompatible thus she is much believably to view she is doing a unfavourable line of work. In or so market-gardenings, if soul feels they be doing bad consequently they impart pronounce harder, if they never slang the feedback for doing a acceptable production line they retrogress motivation and in conclusion scarce revert trying.Ayame comes from a very peachy before culture and does not attend when soulfulness is not fo rthwith forward with her. Ayames employer postulate to reposition his onslaught with Ayame to overstep her much motivation and record feedback all the way (Robbins, DeCenzo, & Coulter, 2011). capital of Minnesota Hersey and flock Blanchard sacrifice a model called viewal leadership surmisal. In Hersey-Blanchard theory at that place are incompatible types of managers coition managers tell employees when, where, and how to remove tasks. They too fall in broken races with their employees. exchange managers provide circumstantial tasks and nurse a spunky alliance with employees. move managers damp low dot on tasks and expect in high spirits take aim of communion with employees. relegation managers authorise smallish care and have low train relationships with employees. Ayames managers could inspection and repair make her to a greater extent propel by taking epoch to render to spot the way she works. If they babble to her and infer where she is at in her power structure of inevitably and so they idler come up with a take organization to motivate Ayame.Also, correspondence that Ayame necessitate to have a non-confrontational environment this is another(prenominal) amour that great deal motivate her. It seems that Ayame has grievous manager and she necessarily a marketing or participate manager. free Ayame a intimately relationship and communication go away help her whop what she take ons to do. Ayame relies on feedback from her employer and is not get it in her menstruum situation (Robbins, DeCenzo, & Coulter, 2011). bountiful employees what they pick out and property them propel is the ponder of the manager. thither are to a greater extent various types of managers and any(prenominal) do not give employees what they need.Managers have province to the company to make it as in force(p) as possible. nearly key things managers should remember is that employees need tasks that are clear defined , some employees may need to a greater extent than focal point accordingly others, and all employees need high level of support. Feedback lets employees know what they are doing sound and what they poop work on. Having something to work toward keeps an employee motivate. A motivated employee is more promising to be happy on the job and complete tasks efficiently while, an discontented employee is more potential to be slower, sloppier, and more probable to quit.

Radicalism of the American Revolution

screen 1 constitutional, a terminal figure mainly delimitate by umteen as an position or run that essenti completely(prenominal)y variety shows the semi g overn custodytal, cultural, and/or economical tempera manpowert of a edict. The Ameri bath renewing was a date of big budge deep d witness the twist of beau monde, greatly transforming definite part of the States, to that degree release separatewise move relatively unaltered e realwhere the shape of the extremist period. When asked whether or non I find out the variation to be fundament, I stack in payable no peremptory yes or no response.Instead I testament necessitate to remove more(prenominal) of a dust coat-haired realm nest to the dis stamp and tell unconnected a dapple of both yes and no, because although the regeneration did modify quite an a bit, in that respect were di steadyery areas it was uneffective to neuter. In my opinion, I would adduce the Ameri foot re newal was root, moreover solo to a point. rough of the intimately significant deepens that the conversion did control in American society were focused heavy on expanding and redefining semi semi brassal acquaintance throughout the countrified, and establishing sacred tolerance. whizz primal counsel that the mutation did non change the American society was in tender hierarchy. preliminary to the American change, political sympathies consisted of galore(postnominal) selectr turnout, barely several(prenominal) in truth h senioring every(prenominal) kind of political condition, those who did down agency not earreach to voters, no parties, and a couple of(prenominal) national political arguments. During the renewing, however, umpteen Americans had a frequently more decently constituent in regime. This new originator was due to an shutting of old governings and authority, and the heavy consider to reinstitute decriminalize authorities s. preference campaigns in handle manner became in truth frequent arguments over what the government should be, this is truly various than what the political vista was in post- regeneration compound America.Some of the close to infrastructure headings can be seen in the Revolution in Pennsylvania. In Pennsylvania, the pro-independence essential took control, abolishing a great deal(prenominal) political offices as governor. The cut of vote rights was as well as a very agonistical pillow slip in politics. magic trick Adams believed that the unwashed family of men in the terra firma had no persuasion of their own, and the remotion of a keeping reservation to vote would switch and subvert all distinctions, and prostrate all ranks to integrity leafy vegetable take aim.Pennsylvania, for nonpareil abolished the position mental reservation for voting, however carry the tax fee qualification, whereas other postulates did out-of-door with both. Prior t o the Revolution, totally a a couple of(prenominal) colonies embraced spectral tolerance, those universe Rhode Is lower and Pennsylvania. close to of the colonies in the country even had launch carry churches. However, colonists began to regularly partition spectral exemption with liberty and evangelicals oddly back up this movement towards spiritual liberty, having suffered lots oppression, and believe that government pervert piety.An rapine on republic churches substantial with The Elites, a. k. a. , introduction Fathers agreeing that worship could be potentially dodgy when apart of government. This initiate theology argued that faith had often support unjust governments. near of them would shed been Deists. Deism, a fashionable judgement among elites in the 1700s, held belief in God, just now that he was seldom and distantly winding in gentle affairs, and viewed whatsoever(prenominal) another(prenominal) Christian beliefs as superstition.doubt ing Thomas Jefferson in his notes on Virginia, 1782 motto that The solely muniment of these books is the Gospels is so risky and in question(p) that it seems sleeveless to flack splendid dubiousness into it. The turn on for Establishing spiritual freedom was a Virginia news report introduced by Thomas Jefferson in 1779. The eminence eliminated spiritual requirements for voting and office-holding, eliminated government pay for religion, and bar the state from forcing intimacy in religion. atomic number 53 clubic style that the Revolution did not change the American hostelry was in sociable hierarchy.Although the American Revolution changed m both topics, it still leftfield some unchanged, like the more high sociopolitical power of the speed class aristocrats at heart the country. The kindly classes were place from highest to low as such(prenominal) hurrying class, merchants, tradesmen, farmers, works men, obligate servants, slaves, and in the long run Indians. Not much had changed since compound America with the ladened speed class tyrannical much of everything from politics to religion. slaveholding continued, women had no rights whatsoever, and the body was solely not easy to all white men yet.Wealth always make a difference, as it usually does. They were the land owners, the voters, the senators and congressmen. pattern populate couldnt be or do any of these things without having the specie and success. In conclusion, the American Revolution, in my opinion, can be seen as part pedestal and part not. akin to some(prenominal) other revolutions, it could not bring changed every hotshot thing overnight, and in fact, it did not. hardly on that point is no denying that, at to the lowest degree then, it did radically change things in the country, that similarly left some the same.

Progect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Progect - Essay ExampleForecasting economic forces is one of the major challenges for many organizations. Some of the commercialize forces include changes in the inflation rate and economic recesses. Currently, the economic system is stable and the country is not experiencing economic changes. Our product is expected to make maximum sales in these economic times (Beckwith 14)Social forces are also great determinants of the success of any business operation. Social issues are directly link to the customers, who are the end receivers of the product. Some of the social forces include the beliefs, cultures, customs and traditions of people. Our product is targeting sports men and women in the university. Most of the students are multicultural and our product has considered this, coming up with a product that is sugar free (Beckwith 18).For any organization to succeed in the contemporary market environment, then it should consider the technological issue. Our company has adoptive compu ter technology in coming up with our budget and other strategic plans. Apart from technological, legal factors are also very import6ant because they determine the marketability of a product (Beckwith 19). Our company has however fulfilled all the legal requirements, which include search for an operating license and paying the requisite legal fee to the required councils.Our target customers in this case are university sportsmen and women. According to Beckwith (22), all the stakeholders in any business environment are put oned by these macro-environmental forces. An increase in the government tax will definitely force us to increase our prices. This will later on affect the consumers. Social factors might also affect our customers because we have only decided to produce sugar free drinks and there those sportsmen and women who prefer drinks full of sugar. By employing technology in our company, will effectively pee-pee a competitive advantage that will make us relevant on the mar ket.According to Beckwith

Philosophy (practical ethics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophy (practical ethics) - Essay ExampleIn this brief paper, Mackinnons arguments ar analyzed in the light of the possible consequences censorship of obscenity can create.Before looking at Mackinnons attitude to pornography, it is essential to see what pornography really means. The traditional view is that pornography is any sexually explicit material that generates sexual arousal in the consumers. As it encourages sexual promiscuity and as it is morally and religiously pernicious, it should not be permitted in society. It has been seen as an affront to decent family life. It destroys valuable institutions like family, and also it spoils human character. The traditional view is seen as patriarchal. Those who believe in this view are not worried about womens oppression caused by pornography. But women, like Mackinnon, find pornography as an extreme form of harassment to women. According to her, the central issue of pornography is the oppression of women. There are certain vita l issues, says Mackinnon, emerging from the production of pornography, which willing come up for discussion below. The greatest harm done, feels Mackinnon, is the inequality it creates.Mackinnons efforts are to empower women with legal powers, knowing well that the production of pornography is fundamentally the result of the traditional male view of a woman. In one sense, pornography is speech. And it is not mere speech but action. And the action is seen in ii forms. The first is when pornography is produced, and the second is when it is viewed. Therefore, in her ordinance which she drafted, she stressed the need to see resistance to pornography as a civil right. Mackinnon has been severely criticized for this because it goes against the commencement Amendment. The First Amendment is founded on the proposition, set forth so beautifully by J.S. Mill in On Liberty, that good speech ultimately drives out bad (Spectacle). Mackinnons attempt to see racial equality with womans equality

Gasland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gasland - Essay ExampleThis film has created a new awareness in the public concerning the desolate environmental effects of hydraulic fracturing, which is integrity of the mover through which natural gas is extracted in the mainland United States. This means of gas extraction, also known as fracking, is done through the injection of chemicals and massive quantities of water at high pressures with the intention of cracking open the rocks deep beneath the surface and as a result releasing the natural gas. This method has helped in the emergence of the natural gas boom across the United States, but as the film shows, in that respect has developed proof that this method of gas extraction is leading to the contamination of water as well as leaking into homes. The film works towards the establishment of means through which these issues concerning the conservation of the Ameri arouse environment can be discussed and viable solutions for the environmental problems ca apply by these activ ities by oil and gas companies can be found. It can further be said that this film deals with the preservation, the development, and the return of the American natural environment to the state in which it was previously. ... In the film, it is stated that previously, the main method that was used for the extraction of natural gas was through the drilling into the ground until a pocket of gas was hit and this gas was captured as it rose. The director states that one of the reasons wherefore he started making the film is because he started to wonder how it was that all of a sudden his family and their neighbours were in a gas drilling bowl when prior to this, their area had never had any kind of industrial development. In the film, the fact that the fracking method is causing environmental damage is worrisome and disturbing and it is because of the use of these methods by the versatile gas companies that the beautiful, scenic and amazing landscape of the United States is being dest royed. The director of the film, who also serves as the narrator, states that at least fifty percent the state of bran-new York as well as sixty percent the state of Pennsylvania is being leased to gas companies for the purpose of drilling for gas using the fracking method. passim the film, it is seen that the land in the United States is being handed over to gas prospecting companies at an alarming rate with many of the individuals doing so, mostly farmers, not realising that doing so is resulting in the destruction of their natural environment (Fox). One would say that the film is mostly made up of a series of interviews and it can be considered to be one which shows profound respect for the people from different places across the United States that are interviewed. It can further be said that because of the respect that is displayed by the films director that the individuals who are interviewed are so forthcoming with the information that they have to give concerning the

How social media affect out personal behaviour Annotated Bibliography

How social media affect out personal behaviour - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThe emergence analyzes the effect of the information technology provides an opportunity to depart peoples and organizations decision-making behaviour. Groups and organizations also make use of technology to enhance their decision-making, especially through the social media. The technologies may have a positive or negative effect on the users regarding the effectiveness of the decisions made through the social media. For example, organization managers may make marketing changes, which in turn results to poor decisions by the consumers of their commodities. Over reliance on the social media rather than the employing the experts opinion and facts have the possibility of making biased decisions. The article gives an overview of the impact of the social media and the Web 2.0 on how organizations, individuals, and groups make decisions regarding their ventures.The authors interact with other published work by analyzing various impacts of the social media on decision-making and the consequences of using the information on the social networks. The other ideas link to social media, such as blogging, video sharing through the YouTube, and Skype among others enrich the authors information on the magnificence of the social media in decision-making. The main purpose of the publication is to educate and enlighten everybody, who views the internet on the importance of using the social sites for management reasons other than entertainment and socializing. The article clearly uses clear demonstrations to evaluate the importance of social media and several examples of the social media platform to enhance the clarity of the contents.The article is about psychological behaviours related to the social media published by Knowledge and teaching Systems and addresses behaviours on the social media. The purpose of the article is to study the important world

Argument Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Argument Analysis - Essay ExampleBotstein however claims that it is not the length of enlighten days that affects the performance of the children rather it is how the time in school is spent. He presented some statistics to point out his argument.The thesis of the article is that the solution to the improvement of the academician performance of the school children in the US is not the lengthening of the time spent in school but rather, an analysis of how the time in school is spent. Botsteins article is targeted to every American citizen, particularly to the politicians who are moving for the extension of the number of school days. He also aims to target the parents of the school children to apologise to them that it is not the number of school days that really matters. He is addressing the parents to probably put some pressure on the politicians to extensively study their proposal before making it into a law.Botstein is trying to convince his readers to believe his argument th rough the use of the logical appeal to prove his point. He supports his argument by equivalence the number of school days in the other countries that outperforms the US school children. Botstein indicated that some countries have longer school days, others have less school days while others have the same school days as in the US but it was not what really mattered. What are essential are the culture hours that are dedicated in key areas such as mathematics, science, history and literature. He mentioned that American high school students spend only 41 per centime of their time in school studying these subject areas unlike the Japanese and the French (Botstein 1). Botstein used analogy to prove his point.Another issue which Botstein identified as the reason for the poorer performance of the US school children compared with other countries is the issue on who is doing the teaching. To prove his point he presented the results of the 1996 survey of the Education

Historical Roots of Christian Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Historical Roots of Christian Diversity - Essay physical exerciseOrthodox and Roman Catholic Christians agree with the teachings of the first seven councils as genuine interpretations of the gospel, but only Roman Catholics acknowledge decrees formulated after the ordinal century. Tradition is a particular interpretation of scripture as described within the Christian community and affirmed by the church. Given that customs sooner permitted new interpretations to meet questions not particularly addressed in the scripture, it was meant to be fluid rather than fixed. When a group shows a tendency to canonize tradition making it appear unbending, tension might result. This development of tradition was not meant to lead to religious rigidity, but was instead developed specifically to recognize the active interaction between, the concrete fixed authority of scripture, and the fluid developing authority of everyday practice. Since it is dynamic, tradition adds a little new thing to Chr istianity as it enlarges upon scripture. raft usually expand a tangible communication beyond traditions original scope, as it is a factor of exercising human tact in the development of tradition (Weaver and Brakke 64). The power of Rome At a time when the Roman mystique was at its peak, Jesus was born into the Mediterranean world rule by Rome. The world had never experienced an imperium so vast that when people thought of Rome, they envisioned a set of related psyches. Caesar, who presided over Rome, was a central ruling authority who stood close to divinity and symbolized in his person the glory of Rome. The glory of Rome dimmed and then seemed to be restored to some take aim by Constantine. It was normal to wonder whether the old Rome might reclaim the worlds attention. If Rome can be seen more as an idea than a place, then perhaps it can be understood why it was extremely powerful and attractive. Rome became a goal, and an idea to nature policy. As a fact, it is not surpris ing that that attracted Constantine and Christians in general. As the roman emperor, it was clear that Constantine had the best claim on the project. When he moved his capital from the city of Rome to a new site in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire, a political vacuum was left in the West which in turn invited allude claimants. Several groups were inspired to restore Roman glory in the West, and they included old senatorial families, new barbarian families, and the bishops of Rome, who later are known as popes. The ancient forms of Christianity grew into separate churches generally because of extensively differing political experiences. The Orthodox Church was organized into two ways at the local level and along the administrative lines of the Roman Empire. The patriarch of Constantinople understood that his position was tied to the emperor. Both the patriarch and the pope did consider themselves as Roman and as heirs of the greatest political empire in the worlds history. This led to a great schism between the two churches that lasted until the present day (Weaver and Brakke 78). The two Christian models The first Christian model is Constantinople as the new Rome in the Greek Orthodox system. When the emperor reunited the fragments of the Roman Empire, he did so under the sign of the cross. Constantines bibliographer do a claim that Constantine was directly called by God to embrace Christianity.

Marketing Plan for your new SERVICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing Plan for your new SERVICE - Essay Exampletomers sophistication is surging upward, and the inquire for outsourced call c ar concenters in Philippines and India is raising the necessity for development of language skills and computer training to satisfy the needs of the diverse and tremendously competitive American mart. Due to this rapid growth, Americans are finding themselves sub par service due to the language barrier from country to country. It is our opportunity to educate the population of some(prenominal) countries in efforts to lower miscommunications. Our targets are individuals that are not functionally literate, and those that speak a language different than the export (Diola, 2014). We can hope our services are also able to slow the decline of call centers in India, while eager to see both countries grow.CompuLanguage is entering its first year of operation. Our services shed been rendered however marketing will be crucial in the development of our brand and services as well as to make our target market more aware of our brand and services for growth of our customer base. Tutors411 offers an array of services and subject lines to meet individual and organizational needs (Diola, 2014).The call center industry is a profitable business and the Philippines are taking advantage of it. According to Monticello (2012), there are over one hundred countries seeking sure dominance in the industry (p.3). Malaysia, Singapore, and China are the Philippines primary competitors in the call center market. India has been struggling to keep business. It will lose seventy portion or thirty billion dollars worth of all Business Processing Outsourcing (BPO) businesses particularly call centers (Diola, 2014). India has regained business due to sales and up-selling strategies. Also, Indian companies have go to the Philippines. This is one of the key reasons for the steady growth of the call center industry in the Phillipines (Winn, 2014). There are a number of specific competitors that can be described as

Introduce your research topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduce your research topic - Essay ExampleThe first element is a raise of human mind that is beyond that of other animals and this means consideration of happiness must go beyond what animals do-nothing feel. A consistent positioning over a long period and that is strong enough to overcome challenges is another element of happiness and this disqualifies short-term pleasures from being categorized as happiness. The long-term attitude must further be of satisfaction with a psyches environment and embedded in the persons mind. The definition identifies significance of factors that regulate a persons attitude to happiness of the role of mediator factors on effects of the primary factors on a persons train of happiness. An understanding of the actual definitions of spirituality and religion is therefore important for investigating and explaining possible effects of the two factors on happiness.Spirituality is the aspect of a persons inner being and how the person relate to his o r her environment. It has been associated with such concepts as morality, holiness, and sanctity (Young and Koopsen 9, 10). Religion is, however, the practical manifestation of spirituality and is often visible(a) through such aspects as culture and behavior. It is a social characteristic, unlike spirituality that is an single(a) trait and may be embedded too difficult to be perceived from an outward look (Young and Koopsen 89, 90). The two however defines an individuals personality, the individuals interaction with the environment, and are therefore important in a persons attitude towards contentment with the environment. A persons moral conscience, an element of spirituality that can be manifested in behavior, can therefore define the individuals value for other people in an environment and the peoples possessions. An understanding that spirit controls forces in an individuals environment and that it is not an individuals responsibility to

Integrated Communication Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Integrated Communication Marketing - Assignment ExampleThe shareholders face a reduction in wrinkle growth, owing to the negative publicity of the company, which, reduces their profits. The management also suffers from the bad reputation as they report significant loss of business to competitors. Employees, on the other devote face the association of an immoral organization, which does not contribute appointedly to their self-esteem.External stakeholders include customers, the local community, as well as competitors (Strydom, 2005). The publicity of the company affects customers negatively, and so denying them an opportunity to dine at a restaurant they had previously make loveed. The local community suffers from the immoral show that focuses on Olive tend, which does not promote family determine. Competitors enjoy the increased flow of clients to their organization as they move from Olive Garden.For casual observers of media, the Sexiest Girls of Olive Garden would appear as a sponsorship by the Olive Garden Company. This follows the idea that most programs search for organizations that can sponsor them, and then include their names in the event or program as a dash of promoting their business to the audience.This event can be seen as one that had damage control programs in order. The overlap between the individuals who dined at the restaurant, and the people who watched the girls next-door show presented an potent control mechanism (Clow, & Baack, 2013). The group that dined at the restaurant consisted of more women than men. In relation to this, more women than men watched the show, thus allowing Olive Garden a entire opportunity to gain greater publicity from the show.I disagree with this proposition as the show associated with Olive Garden was a complete opposite of the values that a family would support. Taking photos of nude people does not in any way depict the values a family should promote, hence does not attract positive publicity for the o rganization.If you were the public

Basic Critcal Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Basic Critcal Thinking - Essay Examplels, Chaffee (2012), the following steps were recommended (1) to develop a more in-depth thought of oneself (2) to discover the possibilities given that the goals are current and updated (3) be able to envision a reported three-dimensional picture of the future that incorporates goals and aspirations (4) construct a psychical plan for details strategies to achieve defined goals in specific time frame and in overcoming potential barriers or obstacles (5) modify the goals or plans according to spic-and-span inputs but retain a consistent framework of goals, as needed (p. 13).An important decision in ones life that would have to be made in the near future is finding the appropriate employment where ones educational pursuit would be put into effective use. As such, ones professional short-term goal is to find a good job with warlike pay and where ones knowledge, skills and abilities would be fitly honed and developed through work experience and th rough interaction and relationship with others.Find a good employer right after graduation where the employer would provide competitive pay and benefits and where ones knowledge, skills and abilities would be appropriately honed and developed through the work experience and through interaction and relationship with others.From ones educational background, the possible courses would be locating organizations that belong to the top 100 organizations in the U.S. in terms of providing good benefits, according training, and being socially responsible. Another woof would be to streamline creams to areas which are close to ones residence. Likewise, selection process could also ensue after all applications have been sent and organizations that respond positively would be selected according to the exemplary image reported and accessed through research.From itemizing each alternative, a pros and cons analysis would illuminate one on the best option to select. For example, if two organizatio ns

Humor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Humor - Essay ExampleEvery time the gray unicorn Charlie is misled and faces some loss or the other including his kidney, horn and TV. The video uses mainly three elements of humor to amuse its audience.Firstly, each of the videos in this series contains funny starts, for instance, a silly melodic line, which is nice to hear despite its hollowness to the sharp mind, comments with self-irony and funny names. (Medgyes, 8-9) In the first video as the three unicorns approach the Candy Mountain, the five letters of the word CANDY begins to sing a song in order to invite Charlie inside the cave Its the mecca of love in the candy cave. They got jellybeans and coconuts with little hats (Charlie the Unicorn). Coconuts and jellybeans normally do not have hats. In the guerrilla video, the Santa Claus type creature (known as Frogus) begins to sing a song asking Charlie to put a banana in his ear whenever he is sad countersink a ripe banana right into your favourite ear Its true (Charlie the Unicorn 2). No one has perhaps ever done such a involvement with a rational mind. The third video includes a silly song sung by the strange creature looking like a loan-blend form of a goal and seal. The song is trying to convince Charlie how loved he is by all the creatures of the sea. The way they are sung is funny and their meaningless stems from the choice of words. Other examples of funny starts include self-irony - What the-Oh, sleeping gas Of course. Why did I expect any different? (Charlie The Unicorn 3) Charlie gets carried away for a second except soon realizes that he has repeated the same mistake of following his friends advice and expresses it aloud, therefore striking the humor. Medgyes shows through examples the fun of being self-critical (Medgyes, 21).Funny names have been utilize frequently in the second video of Charlie where the giant sneaker is referred as the train and called the choo choo shoe. The pinka nd blue unicorn sings aloud Chugga

Domestic Jurisdiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Domestic Jurisdiction - Essay ExampleThe concept of domestic legal power in relation to freedom from intercession is very basically sh avow in the unit of society we call family. Before we became citizens of a country, we became parts of a assure or a city. Before we became parts of any city, we atomic number 18 first members of a community, and before we became members of a community, we are primarily members of our own families. This is where the dynamic deal of protecting one owns freedom and autonomy begins. As a family, we want to function on our own to the best of our abilities with minor help from other people. This is our obligation to our unit. We want to deal with problems and seek out solutions with to each one others help, before we ask assistance from other people. We try to keep family matters inside the home and away from the prise eyes of other families. We do not welcome intervention from other people in family matters without them being requested by us to do so. This accomplish is not appreciated and even shunned as intrusion does not only violate privacy but it goes beyond the unwritten rule of familial boundaries where each family as a distinct unit of society has its own internal rules which the members abide to. These internal rules, however free the family members are in terms of acting on their own will, should be in accordance with the established everyday laws of the community. Intervention in family matters by other community members is justifiable if the laws of the community are not adhered to and if a certain member of the family is forced to act out of his own volition. This is also where law enforcement may intervene.The same is true for communities. Communities have their own specific agenda and priorities. It is because of the distinct agenda that a community is very wary of intervention from other communities. Resources are limited in communities so intervention is most likely to occur as a means to help or assist. I t may also be mutually beneficial to both parties concerned. vent to a higher level or a wider scope, cities or states have the same characteristics. They may belong to one government and one country, but cities or states have their own set of rules aside from the general laws of the land. They have differing strategies and techniques to promote growth within their reach. They want to handle their own problems and issues first before transferring them to a higher authority. They want to exercise their autonomy the best possible way they can, before submitting to the authority of the government. Of course, every action that they do should be within the general laws of the land. The moment that laws are broken and disregarded, intervention from government will always occur. The principles discussed are all parts of the concept of domestic jurisdiction. They are the minor aspects and the world for the general idea of the term. In a larger setting, which is the global arena, the basic unit is the area. A nation has its own members, its own rules, its own ways or techniques of doing things, its own resources and its own beliefs and values. All the factors comprising one nation may be slightly or very different from another. This degree of diversity makes each nation distinct from each

Democratic or Undemocratic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Democratic or Undemocratic - Essay Example46). In laymans terms, the government is mandated, among other functions, to regulate commerce and view proper taxes and tariffs on imports, except for commercial imports.With such emphasis, aside form other financial policies the constitution mainly protected the interests and concerns of pissed businessmen. Because it was only the wealthy and the privileged were the ones who can afford to run for public office, as opposed to the poor, the hopeless, and the uneducated, one need not wonder why such provision is so. Politicians cannot profits money from public office. Hence, they can only utilize their power to manipulate and protect their own interests at the expense of the underprivileged members of society.On the same sanctioned premise, Article 6 also protected the wealthy by stipulating that allowed speculators to make considerable profit. Public treasury were used to create private capital and consultation for huge investors, thus d ebit payment came from the pockets of the public into the pockets of the wealthy, high class members of society. Another termination that was given special commendation in the constitution was the issue of slavery, as those member states who had three fifths of slave population were given more seats in Congress, more than it should have given its number of voting population.The same were only a few of the numerous undemocratic provisions in the constitution. Through time, and some careful amendments done, lawmakers have done some democratic concessions that had someways compromised its earlier mistakes and misgivings. One important democratic provision was the election of the president and legislators at a limited span of time, thus eliminating lifetime claim in public office. This aspect eliminates, or limits, the possibility of corruption, dictatorship, or any other vested interest in ones leadership.On the other hand, Article 6 indicated that no religious Test shall be ever be required as a

How do we come to believe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How do we come to believe - Essay Exampleis not everyone who might break benefited from such knowledge, k juvenile everything that they might have needed to know inorder to believe.For instance,in market sparings the theory of the equilibrium was quite widespread but with a completely so-so(p) wad.The theory assumed that,the appropriate pricing in the market place was predicated upon how fast the diffusion of knowledge about the true values of goods and services took place.This view presently might come under fire,as generally faulty by observation of the facts,and to some extent a major cause of the present economic down-turn.Going by the limitations sometimes associated with communications,aggravated further by human factors of resistance to change especially by die-hard supporters of partisan consensusit took quite a abundant time for a mainstream consensus to come into the fore,bearing a new kind of scientific knowledge that was effectively designed to account as data for em pirical evidence.In philosophy, Epistemology is concerned with the nature,scope and limitations of knowledge.But knowledge depended in part on the availability of facts and ideas.Therefore,as a matter of principle in these present times,the readily available and huge numbers of facts and non-facts on the Web,has created the capacity to alter the whole epistemology of Science.Therefore a well researched review able to synthesis a voluminous body of existing facts with the aim of creating a new knowledge ( hypothesis),contains knowledge of greater value as a contribution to Scientific literature in the sense that it adds more primary fact(Jones 111).On righteousness and religious beliefs,Roy Clouser argues that every religious tradition considers something or other as divine and that all of them have a common denominator in the status of the idol itself.In spite of many religions disagreeing on what is divine,they however all agree on what it means to be divine.The divine is whatev er is unconditionally and nondependently

Corruption in sports Essay Example for Free

Corruption in sports EssayCorruption has been a well known line of sport and it has touched a lot of walks of sport manners. Many people say that these days corruption in sports has escalated and although they see same solutions of this problem it stills really difficult to combat. Our society is well informed about corruption in sports. People from teenagers to the elderly, men and women know that corruption in sports exists. A survey of cardinal people conducted at SS.Cyril and Methodius Seminary, Orchard Lake, in September 2001 revealed that knowledge about this issue comes mostly from TV, internet, and newspapers (Survey 2001). According to Eric Christiansen who is a former sports reporter for a topical anaesthetic TV station in Nebraska, everybody knows about corruption in todays sports but everybody is afraid to say something against it because it can pose them unnecessary problems (Christiansen, 2001). The problem of corruption in sports is very universal. People ar e connected with corruption in many ways.For example, two popular sources ESPN and Associated Press say that the presidents of the American Boxing Federation and the cut Ski Federation took bribes from sponsors (Graham 1999) (Associated Press Annecy, France, 28 March 2000). In addition a captain of the South African Cricket National Team admitted to victorious a bribe from bookmakers (Associated Press Cape Town, South Africa, 25 May 2000). The list of countries, sports, and participants involved in athletic corruption is very long, but the list has a common thread which is desire for money and sometimes fame.People dont have too many ideas on how to combat corruption. Almost everyone says that restriction in the police force can solve corruption in sports but reality shows that it isnt as easy as it looks (Survey 2001). Almost every day we can read or hear new information about it. The legislative branches of many countries work all the time on new legislations to help combat the problem of corruption. The results are very weak. According to Christiansen, the way to solve this problem is by teaching children that corruption is always bad and giving a good example of ananti-corrupt life (Christiansen, 2001).This is probably the most reasonable solution for destroying evil at its roots. Finally, protecting the beautiful idea of rivalry through sport from corruption isnt easy. People faculty know about corruption in sports. They may even have ideas about how to solve the problem. However, the problem of corruption is like a dragon. Cut cancelled one head and seven more grow in its place. You can kill him only before his birth, when he is inside the egg.

Similarities and differences between monopolies and oligopolies Essay Example for Free

Similarities and differences between monopolies and oligopolies EssayAccording to Mankiw, N. G. (2004) monopolies and oligopolies brush off be defined as Monopolies atomic number 18 based on a market where there are several buyers but only one seller of a product or inspection and repair whereby the seller sets the price for products and services provided. Oligopolies are based on a market where there a few companies own or control the output of a product or service whereby the few companies control the market of products and services provided. Differences Monopolies have only one seller. Oligopolies have at least 2 or more sellers. Monopolies offer only one product or service. Oligopolies offer more than one good or service. In monopolies the seller can set the price without competition. In oligopolies the sellers set prices based on competitor prices. Monopolies usually exceed marginal profits. Oligopolies usually meet marginal profits. Monopolies are ineffectual to achie ve any level of profit they want due to high prices that reduce consumer purchases.Oligopolies have a better chance of achieving the level of profit desire because prices are lowered to raise consumer purchases. Monopolies usually have no close substitute for products or services offered. Oligopolies usually have a small yield of close substitutes for products or services offered. Similarities Both monopolies and oligopolies consist of large organizations Both monopolies and oligopolies ca-ca considerable market control over specific products and services. Both monopolies and oligopolies hold specific copyrights for products and services provided.Both monopolies and oligopolies are affected by increased production in the fact that higher production reduces the price of products and services. Both monopolies and oligopolies are able to achieve a monopoly on production id specific products or services under copyright. Both monopolies and oligopolies impact the production and sale o f products and services.HOW WOULD YOU CLASSIFY MICROSOFT? I would consider Microsoft to be an oligopoly company because there are several other companies that offer similar products.However, given that Microsoft holds copyrights to specific software such as Microsoft word, Microsoft Visio, and so forth O do believe that they are moving closet to becoming a monopoly company.HOW WOULD YOU CLASSIFY THE POWER INDUSTRY IN YOUR AREA? rationalize YOUR REASONING. My first thought was that the power company in my area (Hampton, Virginia) would be a monopoly. However, after some research I believe that the power labor in Hampton, Virginia would be considered an oligopoly because there are several different companies offering the same services.According to Google (n. d. ) some examples of local companies offering similar services entangle but are not limited to Dominion Virginia Power www. dom. com Jacqui Electric Company www. jacquie. com. au Bay Electric Co. Inc. www. bay galvanisingco. c om.References Mankiw, N. G. (2004). _Principles of economics_ (3rd ed. ). Chicago, IL Thomson South-Western. Google (n. d. ). Local business results for electric company near Hampton, VA. Retrieved February 6, 2008, form http//www. google. com/search? sourceid=navclientie=UTF-8rlz=1T4ADBR_enUS207US207q=electric+company+hampton+VA.

A Case for Kenya Essay Example for Free

A Case for Kenya EssayForeword later on dickens and a half years of studying, I was given the opportunity to do a research project as part of my graduation. Since I wanted to go abroad for a longer time, I tried to look for internships in countries outside the Netherlands. In my second year, I did an internship at Move Your World. Move Your World aims to create awareness on (business) development issues among young Dutch citizens by organising workshops, seminars and competitions. Working with this subject for five months made me realise I wanted to beget an internship in a developing country, focusing on business topics. After the internship, Move Your World offered me a job as a project assistant. The job description said I had to work with international development matters and I had to host the vacancy platform on the website. This meant that most vacancies regarding international development would end up in my inbox. I took the job and one of my main goals was to find a su itable internship abroad, regarding some sort of business topic.See more Beowulf essay essayLuckily, in October 2010, Stichting AfriCultures vacancy dropped in my inbox. There were two main aspects that triggered my attention. First of all, it was in a developing country, Kenya. Secondly, I had to construct a business plan for an organisation. It suited perfectly to my wishes. I applied and I was selected to go to Kenya, together with two other Dutch business students. For the past three months I conducted a research for Mizizi Foundation, an organisation that tries to create awareness on Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Entrepreneurship among Kenyans.The problem I dealt with was finding a way to restart Mizizi Foundation. Working with an organisational restart issue was very raise to me, since I may like to set up an organisation myself in the future. Furthermore, I learned a lot about Corporate Social Responsibility. I now believe that implementing a Corporate Soci al Responsibility-policy is a must for all organisations in the world.I would like to thank Anoek Vriesema, director of Stichting AfriCulture, for selecting me to go to Kenya and for having credence in my capabilities. In addition, I would like to thank Mr. Van Nispen, my supervisor, for his constructive advise on my thesis, and Froukje Joosten, my mother, who is a researcher, for her time-less patience in going through my work. particular thanks go out to three persons in particular. First of all, to my two dear colleagues Marleen and Ester, with whom I have been living and working for the past three months. We managed to trust a lot of fun with serious work, which resulted in a very good business plan and friendship for life. Last but not least, I would like to thank George Muni, chair of Mizizi Foundation, for his professional attitude and his joy, and for giving me the possibility to integrate in the Kenyan way of life. Muni was dedicated to continue with Mizizi. As Muni calle d it, Mizizi is a phoenix about to rise from the ashes. Mizizi is the Kiswahili word for roots.

Diversity Dimension Differentiate Range Visible Non Visible Differences Business Essay

Diversity Dimension Differentiate Range Visible Non Visible Differences Business EssayGenerally, transition is any mark that is used to differentiate a range of visible and non-visible differences that exist between groups or people. An inclusive view of revolution means understanding and valuing the characteristics and beliefs of those who demonstrate a wide range of characteristics. Such as, differences in heathenishity, gender, age, nationality, disability, sexual orientation, education, and religion (RBC, 2009). A broad conceptualization of transformation has the capacity to separate not simply single multifariousness, but in appendix the heterogeneous nature of various(a) social groups within the workforce (Liff, 1999), for example women, minority ethnic groups and disabled.There atomic number 18 various differences gentle resource management find when accommodating or integrating innovation and fairness ( adjoin opportunity) into their organisation employment pro cess. Although sometimes used interchangeably, the terms enoughity and variety show argon not the aforementioned(prenominal). When diverseness is used in contrast to equality, it is about recognizing individual as well as group differences, treating people as individuals, and placing collateral tax in the community and workforce. Whereas, equality is about creating a fairer society were everyone tail participate and has the opportunity to fulfill their potential, (DH, 2004).Equality is the idea of equal treatment and respect, where as, diversity is more than this as we all bring with us diverse perspectives, work experiences, life styles and cultures. Some use diversity as a descriptive term for an memory access intended to provide a certain social environment in which people argon not excluded from the activities of society, such as education, employment, or health c atomic number 18, on the basis of immutable traits. According to Paul Ricky (2000), there are two levels of diversity first level dimensions consist of characteristics that are unsufferable or difficult for individuals to change. Second level dimensions comprises of characteristics which individuals have a degree of control through choices about their acquisition and modification.Whereas equal opportunities are about ensuring that everyone is authorise to dispatchdom from discrimination. There are two important types of equality encompassed in equal opportunities thus equality of treatment which is bear on with treating everyone the identical. In an organizational scene this recognizes that institutional discrimination may exist in the form of unfair procedures and practices that favor those with some personal attributes, over others without them. Therefore the task of equal opportunities is concerned with the elimination of these barriers. The second one is equality of outcome which focuses on policies that either have an equal impact on different groups or intent the same ou tcomes for different groups, (Marjon, 2009).On the other hand when we talk about managing diversity, we are referring to the harnessing of these differences to create a productive environment in which everyone feels respectd, talents are in fully employ and organizational goals are met Kandola and Fullerton (1998). Lorbiecki and Jack (2000) highlighted that United Kingdom seem to fix peoples differences into six main groups through decree and does not allow for change or movement. Legislation is a law that aims to change peoples behavior to conform to a certain standard (rules). Hence why their diversity management limits itself to six main groups and this suggest that someone impart al commissions be discriminated against as people do not always fit nicely into one group.Where as equal opportunities focus on creating equality of opportunity, regardless of any differences (Johnstone, 2002). Equal opportunities approach is a legislation that should indicate a state of balance ye t legislation itself is about controlling, standardizing and ensuring everyone follows the same rules. The same can be said about managing diversity as it aims to control people through policies and procedures. Managing diversity standardizes people by allocation them into groups, encouraging them to follow certain rules or (legislation) and use this to control them. From this, the term managing diversity could be a more liberal or free thinking word for legislation, as they both have the same agenda which is to conform and set standards that everyone must follow .This portion of the military control case, often referred to as inclusion, relates to how an organization utilizes its various relevant diversities. As a source and driver of innovation, diversity is a big idea in byplay and in society, (RBC, 2009). The business case for diversity, theorizes that in a global marketplace, a follow that employs a diverse workforce (both men and women, people of many generations, people fr om ethnically and racially diverse backgrounds) is better able to understand the demographics of the marketplace it serves and is thus better equipped to thrive in that marketplace. The real benefits of having a diverse workplace of employers and employees who value one another and the different contributions they can make to help a business achieve its potential that is maximizing profits. Perhaps the most compelling stock underlying the business case for diversity relates to marketing and business development, (Marjon, 2009).Diversity education aims to combat racism, sexism, exclusion, and ethnocentrism. However, todays marketplace offers an additional connotation which is more positive as it gives business a competitive edge in an increasing global community, (DTUI, 2004). The business can benefit from multicultural workforce expertise, for example if a UK company does business in Asia, having British-Asian on your negotiating team would greatly advance your chances of success , (Thiederman, 2002). In addition, recruiting a diverse workforce has tangible benefits as many businesses find it instrumental to have a workforce that reflects the community and international market place they trade in. This can help them tailor their goods and services so as to nominate trust and goodwill among customers and suppliers thereby improving their reputation as a diverse business.Diversity is beneficial to businesses as it brings better decision making and meliorate problem solving, greater creativity and innovation, which leads to enhanced product development, and more successful marketing to different types of customers, Fine (1980). Other benefits of business building a diverse workforce include having a wider range of resources, skills and ideas among your employees, improving staff retention, leading to lower recruitment and training costs and increasing employee efficiency and reduced try due to cross-functional teams, that is employees are capable of a vari ety of roles due to their different backgrounds and skill sets. It also enables businesses to build a competitive edge in recruitment and retention as you can select from a bigger pool of candidates. By recruiting employees from under-represented businesses avoid claims of unfair discrimination by employing women in a traditionally male environment.An additional corollary suggests that a company that supports the diversity of its workforce can also improve customer satisfaction, productivity and retention. By recruiting employees from under-represented groups, they can avoid change potential customers. For example a diverse workforce can also help business understand their customers better by helping to identify problems that customers may have, such as language barriers and poor access for disabled people and how customers with different religious beliefs or from different backgrounds business leader react to their business or product (Business Link, 2009).If a workforce is diver se, but the employer takes little or no advantage of that breadth of that experience, then it cannot monetize whatever benefits background diversity might offer. Some organizations believe that simply having diversity and equal opportunities policies is sufficient evidence to tackle discrimination, (see Richards, 2001). However legislation cannot change the way people think, their inner beliefs and feelings thereof they break the law. This is probably due to the fact that equality policies fit blemish people into groups, as explored by Kirton and Green (2005) and this focus of difference seem to disadvantage people. In addition to this statistics from ACAS (2008) reported that discrimination claims have increased over the year.This proves that legislation failed to control people or organizations from discriminating and there is still the notion of stigma existing in the midst of our society regardless of the law. The law as suggested by Johnstone (2002) does not promote diversit y and does not actually recognize the term diversity but instead compliance with the law is a business case for any organization to adopt a diversity constitution as it acts as standard guideline to avoid discrimination. The law, as explored by Kirton and Green (2005, pp.169), does not have mystical powers to change society.Arguably, the social justice and business case arguments for diversity are complementary, because unless people are treated fairly at work they will feel less than fully committed and will therefore under-perform. But diversity takes equality forward, and evidence indicates that organizations that are serious about diversity show better overall financial performance. There are three broad strands supporting the case for going beyond what is required by legislation and introducing diversity policies people issues, market competitiveness, and corporate reputation. Organizations which follow them are also more likely to find it easier to comply with increasingly co mplex legal obligations, not least because diversity will be embedded in their cultures.The social justice argument is based on the belief that everyone should have a right to equal access to employment and when employed should have equal pay and equal access to training and development, as well as being free of any direct or indirect discrimination and torture or bullying. This can be described as the right to be treated fairly, andthe law sets minimum standards. Yet in reality unemployment is twice as high among people from ethnic minorities, although there are relatively more Chinese, Indian and Black African graduates than snow-covered graduates. Only 12 per cent of white men are in professional occupations, as opposed to 21 per cent of Chinese and Indian men.A diversity approach understands that our social identity element in terms of gender, race, disability, age, social class, sexuality and religion will impact on our life experiences. For example, occupational segregation women make up almost 75 percent of the NHS workforce but are concentrated in the lower-paid occupational areas nursing, allied health professionals, administrative workers and ancillary workers (DH, 2005). Also people from black and minority ethnic groups comprise 39.1 percent of hospital medical staff yet they comprise only 22.1 percent of all hospital medical consultants (DH, 2005). Good diversity practice identifies these patterns of experience based on group identity, and the challenging processes that limit individuals potential health and life chances.Historically, employers ignored certain difference. However, individual and group diversity removes to be considered in order to ensure that everybodys needs and requirements are understood and responded to within employment practice and service design and delivery. One way in which organizations have responded to the issue of diversity in recent years has been the development of flexibility in working practices and services. F or example, an employer may allow an employee to work a flexible working pattern to go for child care arrangements, or a GP surgery may offer surgeries at the weekends in accommodate those who work full time during the week.Another example of diversity in practice was shown by Worcestershire County Council in 2002 when they launched, Worcestershire We All Make It Unique. This was a four microscope stage race diversity communication and training programme designed specifically to raise awareness among employees and to improve customer service, particularly in the larger ethnic minority communities that it served. This example shows quite starkly that organizations situated in seemingly ethnically homogenous locations, who claim that diversity is not relevant for them, may need to look more closely at their customers and the sub-regions and divisions of the locality in which they operate because these may have greater diversity and differing requirements CIPD, 2009.Hence why, emplo yer engagement is a indispensable driver for organizations top and bottom-line performance. Employer engagement can be broadly defined as employers consistently acting in the best interests of the organization and in this context of use it is linked to raising public awareness. These in turn, inform intersecting relationships between employer skills needs and education (work-based learning), educational and workplace competency, and quality (accreditation of employer based training, and credit accruement and transfer systems) and vocational competency (fit for practice, and fit for purpose), Springerlink (2009).Human resource managers must be willing to work towards changing the organization in order to give a culture of diversity and inclusion. There is a compelling business case which should encourage organizations to look beyond legal compliance with anti-discrimination laws to a value-added approach enabling competitive benefits to be gained from developing good practice. Th erefore diversity strategies need to be designed to support business objectives and strategies to add real value to business performance. Just doing diversity for cosmetic reasons is misguided and can result in undesirable outcomes such as raising expectations through false promises.When implementing a diversity programme it has to go far beyond the limits of equal employment opportunity and affirmative action. High performing diversity managers recognize that specialized skills are necessary for creating a productive, diverse workforce. They seek out continuous learning opportunities and some go as far as acquiring certification. Assessment skills and diversity education are key elements of culture change. However, the leaderships support of the change cannot be understated. Effective communication is very crucial in implementing a diversity programme. Brownells 2003 phrase identifies three skills which help to develop effective communication in diverse organizational environments . These skills include self-monitoring, empathy, and strategic decision-making. Self-monitoring refers to the communicators awareness of how his or her behavior affects another person, empathy enables the recipient to go beyond the literal meaning of a message and strategic decision-making implies that the sources, channels and substance of the messages conveyed, are mindfully selected, Adam (2007).The key to implementing a diversity approach is increasing individual awareness of and sensitivity to differences of race, gender, social class, sexual orientation, physical ability, and age Page (2007). There are several ways to go about creating the multicultural organization that performs extremely well. For example, Cox mentions language training as a way to promote a multicultural organization. Language training is important for companies hiring foreign nationals. This type of training helps to communicate to employees that languages, other than English, are highly valued. In additi on equal opportunity seminars, focus groups, bias-reduction training, investigate, and task forces are methods that organizations have found useful in reducing culture-group bias and discrimination Fine (1980).While diversity in the workplace brings about many benefits to an organization, it can also lead to many challenges. It is the responsibility of managers within organizations to use diversity as an influential resource in order to enhance organizational effectiveness. Walck (1995) defines managing diversity in the workplace as negotiating interaction across culturally diverse groups, and contriving to get along in an environment characterized by cultural diversity.There are many challenges faced by culturally diverse workplaces, and a major challenge is miscommunication within an organization. In an article by Brownell (2003), she explains that meanings of messages can never be completely shared because no two individuals experience events in exactly the same way. Even when n ative and non-native speakers are exposed to the same messages, they may ascertain the information differently. Cultural bias which includes both prejudice and discrimination is an additional factor which challenges culturally diverse work environments. Prejudice refers to negative attitudes toward an organization element based on his or her culture group identity, and discrimination refers to observable adverse behavior for the same reason, Fine (1980).Another challenge faced by diverse organizational environments is assimilation. According to Fine (1980) assimilation into the dominant organizational culture is a strategy that has had serious negative consequences for individuals in organizations and the organizations themselves. Those who assimilate are denied the ability to express their genuine selves in the workplace they are forced to repress significant parts of their lives within a social context that frames a large part of their daily encounters with other people. People who spend significant amounts of energy coping with an alien environment have less energy left(p) to do their jobs. Assimilation does not just create a situation in which people who are different are likely to fail it also decreases the productivity of organizations Page (2007).Other organizational theorists have suggested reasons that work-teams highly diverse in work-relevant characteristics can be difficult to motivate and manage. Pages (2007) mathematical modeling research of team work supports this view. He demonstrated that heterogeneous teams consistently out-performed homogeneous teams on a variety of tasks. He also points out that diversity in teamwork is not so simple in the messy real world. Too often the cultural differences create problems. The goal is to manage diversity to take full advantage of it.Figure 2 below shows how organizations can move from where most are at present to a situation in which diversity successfully enters the mainstream.Figure 2 CIPD (2009).In order for diversity efforts to succeed, organizations must hold everyone (individual, interpersonal, group and organizational) accountable through a proactive, progressive that is both prospective and retrospective, (Thiederman, 2002). various(a) organizations will be successful as long as there is a sufficient amount of communication within them. Because people from different cultures cover messages in different ways, communication is vital to the performance of an organization. Miscommunication within a diverse workplace will lead to a great deal of challenges. In addition for diversity management to be successful it should engage with all business processes and stakeholders and not limited to the Human resource function.Finally for any diversity programme to be successful after its introduction it needs to go beyond legislation compliance (following rules) to ever attempt to treat people the same and avoid discrimination. Never the less, to be inclusive and equal to all, organi zations may need to respond differently to individuals or groups. Therefore, a commitment to equality in addition to recognition of diversity means that different can be equal.REFERENCINGBrownell, J., 2003. Developing Receiver-Centered Communication in Diverse Organizations. Listening Professional, 2(1), pp.5-25.Business Link. 2009. Widen your choice of employees to improve competitiveness. OnlineAvailable at http//www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?type=RESOURCESitemId=1074421939 Assessed 27 November 2009.CIPD. 2009.Managing diversity in practice supporting business goals. OnlineAvailable at http//www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/dvsequl/general/_mngdvprsmy.htm Assessed 5 declination 2009.Diversity Training University International. 2004. What is the diversity training profession? OnlineAvailable at http//www.dtui.com/qapg1.html Assessed 20 November 2009.Faculty Development. 2008. What is equality and diversity? OnlineAvailable at http//www.faculty.londondeanery.ac.uk/e-learning/d iversity-equal-opportunities-and-human-rights/what-is-equality-and-diversity Accessed 29 September 2009.Fine, M.G., 1980. Cultural Diversity in the Workplace The State of the Field. Journal of Business Communication, 33(4), pp.485-502.Heathfield, S.A., 2009. What Is Human Resource Management? OnlineAvailable at http//humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryh/f/hr_management.htm Accessed 14 October 2009.Johnstone, S., 2002. IRS Managing Diversity in the workplace. 1st ed. London LexisNexis.Kirton, G. Green, A., 2005. The Dynamics of Managing Diversity A Critical Approach. 1st ed. London Butterworth-Heinemann.Kirton, G. Greene, A., 2000. The dynamics of managing diversity a lively approach. Butterworth Heinemann Oxford.Lorbiecki, A. Jack, G., 2000. Critical Turns in the Evolution of Diversity Management British Journal of Management, 11, pp.18-31.Page, S., 2007. The Difference How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies. Princeton Princeton Universi ty Press. Available at http//press.princeton.edu/titles/8353.html Assessed 1 December 2009.Price, A. HRM Guide Network. 2007. Organizational HRM. OnlineAvailable at http//www.hrmguide.net/hrm/chap4/ch4-links.html Accessed 14 October 2009.RBC. 2009. What is Diversity Inclusion? OnlineAvailable at http//www.rbc.com/diversity/what-is-diversity.html Assessed 15 November 2009.Richards, W., 2001. Evaluating Equal Opportunities Initiatives. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann.Springerlink. 2009. Competencies and employer engagement. Online (Updated 5 February 2008)Available at http//www.springerlink.com/content/24612303714832jm/ Assessed 30 November 2009.Thiederman, S., 2002. Why Diversity Counts -The Business Case. OnlineAvailable at http//www.multiculturaladvantage.com/recruit/metrics Assessed 10 November 2009.University College Marjon Plymouth. 2009. What is Diversity? OnlineAvailable at http//www.marjon.ac.uk/aboutmarjon/diversity/whatisdiversity/ Accessed 29 September 2009.Walck, C.L., 199 5. Editors introduction Diverse approaches to managing diversity. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 31, pp.119-123.

The Development Of Modern Social Thought

The Development Of Modern Social ThoughtKarl Marx and Max weber be two of the to the highest degree influential thinkers in terms of impudentlyfangled social thought that there are. Both Marxs and webers plowshare to the development of social thought is in my opinion indorsement to none. Marx and weber wrote ab kayoed novelity onward it was in full swing, yet there works including much(prenominal) classics such as Marxs Communist manifesto which is a familiar name to near, not solitary(prenominal) attempted to explain something near impossible to explain in such a way that most modern thinkers base their works on a criticism or celebration of their work. These two writers are of particular interest to because of how prolific they are and because they have twain written so much on the subject, some of which is comparable and some of which is contrastable. Both Marx and Weber looked at similar themes including the reasons for modernity occurring, though their conclusions d iffer. Karl Marx leans towards the economic grimace of modernity whereas Max Weber, who writes after Marx with his findings to improve on, believes that the impact of science, arts, and religion is a better explanation of modernity.Firstly, I exit be looking at Karl Marxs component to modern social thought with his book The Communist Manifesto in which he looks at class make out. In The Communist Manifesto, Marx explains how the friction amongst classes has always existed, as he remarks In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs in almost all of these classes, again, subordinate gradations2. Marx goes on to put forward the idea that the bourgeoisie have always existed and do indeed exist today. He puts class struggle down to society itself which through its nature leave have classes, an order. Marx explains todays class struggle as Society as a whole is more and more s plitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes, directly facing each other Bourgeoisie and Proletariat.3Marxs understanding of class divide in the Communist Manifesto is clearly true and therefrom let on in understanding society today. Marxs take on class divide can be summarised as world that class divide has always existed and go away exist today, as he predicted, rather than the classes changing, he believes that characteristics of the classes change. Where as in history, the bourgeoisie would have owned farm, they will own businesses today and whereas the labor movements would have worked in farms, today they work for businesses owned by the bourgeoisie. Marxs understanding of there being two main classes, those in strength and those in not, is important in modern social thought as all Marxists will use it to argue that there is a lack of compare and too large a divide between the two classes. Marx does not distinguish between individual situations, rath er is a big supporter of the intuitive feeling that there is no real equality for the proletariat and his voice is therefore used today by anyone voicing such an opinion.It can be argued that Marxs forecasting of an uprising by the working class has come true in modern time. The working class has never had as many rights as it does today, with measures such as minimum pay and benefits ensuring that an unreasonable amount of power is not held by the feeling class, and that the working class have enough rights and voice to be ensured a decent standard of life. There were plenty of revolutions between the 18thC and 19thC, which are evidence of Marxs prediction of an uprising against the ruling class. Marx believes that the proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class4. This can be empathisen as a contribution to the understanding of modern society as it is true today, no other classes are seen to be revolting nearly as much as the working class who have been working on their rights for the last few centuries. As Marx overly states, the ruling class have all the power and it is in their nature to ensure power is kept for future generations. Marx says that the working class only touch things such as a minimum wage law because the ruling class allow them to do so, in order to keep them happy and therefore deter them from revolting more.A significant manner in which Marx contributed to the understanding of modern society is through his explanation of market expansion. Marxs argument was that for the bourgouise to remain in power, they must constantly work at creating links between themselves to ensure a global rule5. Marx argued in the Communist Manifesto that the future would see a capitalist market grow to operate on a global scale through the change magnitude of technology and communication. This idea has perhaps been the most significant contribution to understanding modern society by Marx. It is clear that what Marx predicted has become reality, with a global economy that we have today, with transnational cooperation operating worldwide. The behavior of the ruling class in modern society reflects Marxs theory on keeping wealth within the minority of the population. Businesses still work in a hierarchical social organization whereby a few at the top benefit from many at the bottom of the hierarchy who do not benefit from increase in profit, rather receive a fixed low wage.Finally, i have chosen Marxs contribution to the understanding of modern society through his literature on technology. In the Communist Manifesto, Marx looks at the effects of an introduction of technology and how it effects the exertion market. The introduction of technology such as machinery ultimately means that a humans job is done by a machine. Robert J.Antonio describes machines as something that ultimately does jobs that were formerly done by the workman with similar tools6. This will step-down the need for human labour, which will ultimately mean there are more people for fewer jobs. An increase in availability of market labour and a decrease in need for market labour results in the ruling class being at liberty to alter the wages of the manpower. This sees as the workforce become a commodity7. Linked with a need for fewer labourers, the type of work changed to less laborious, jobs were suddenly possible to carry out through the pushing of a button. This meant that a new work force was available for the ruling class to be exploited, women and children. This availability of a new workforce meant that the ruling class were more powerful than ever, as the family of a working man had now become the work force of the ruling. An introduction of a new labour force means that the ruling class suddenly controlled everything that matters to a working man, i.e. increasing the divide but more importantly cementing the existing control. The drop-off in labour intensity of jobs due to technological and mechanical improvements meant tha t working hours could be increased. This brought with it an increase in productivity and if anything a reduced cost.Max Weber was similar to Karl Marx in that he too looked at ancient Rome and the structure of the ancient economy which he, like Marx found to have certain similarities with the structure of modern capitalism. Marx believed that modern society was more of a result of the economic changes that were seen in the 18thC and 19thC due to technological improvements. However, Weber believed that the change seen after medieval times i.e. modernity, were more so a result in a change of attitude of the worlds population. Weber noticed that if we lived in a capitalist economy before and ended up in medieval times, a change in society could not solely be due to economic change. Thus Weber looked at Eastern German agriculture in 1892. Webers finding in this research supported his belief that it was through the genuine will power of the proletariat that a change resulted. The finding s of this research can be summarised as the work force having a true desire to work for them in order to confine more of the profit created by their work. Webers believe that the working class chose to want to do better is a key feature of modern society, the constant struggle for workers to better their situation.Webers understanding of capitalism, a key foundation of modernity is drastically different to that of Marx. Marx saw capitalism as a materialist economy based upon the will to acquire economic wealth. In contrast, Weber argues that the will to provided ones economic standing is based on religious beliefs such as the Protestant and in particular Calvinist teachings8. The Protestant teachings are that everything that one does must be done in honour of God. Weber argues that it is this belief that is the cause people air to do their best, be as productive as possible and generate as much wealth as possible. This dedication to giving everything cannot, according to Weber be explained by ownership relations, technology and advances in learning alone9. This attitude which Weber believes is a part cause for modernity itself is essential to the further existence of capitalism. In order for capitalism to survive, the working class must continue to have reason to work delicate and be productive, or the ruling class would not be able to live of them. This need for the work force to try their hardest true today and therefore another way in which Weber has contributed to the understanding of modern society. Weber goes on to suggest that the view point of Marx whereby capitalism is a result of solely economic change is uninstructed10and should be abandoned once and for all11this contribution to modern social thought is of interest because it offers an explanation as to why people work hard and how capitalism works i.e. capitalism depends and runs on the quality of input of the labour force.Max Weber believed that the increase in scientific knowledge was a key factor in creating modernity and modern social thought. Weber described the level of science that we have reached as valid12but noted that it only existed in the western world13. This idea was based upon Webers belief that such a structured theology was only present in Christianity, though he recognised that most fundamental knowledge did come from eastern faiths. This structured theology could be argued to have been left integrated in the religion from papist times when a form of capitalism coincided with Christianity. This structured way of thinking brought with it rationality which was in turn branded upon the foundations of western life. It is this rationalism that Weber offers as an alternative cause for modern social thought rather than Marxs suggestion of economics.To conclude, both Karl Marx and Max Weber have made vast contribution to modern social thought. Their works have been agreed and disagreed with since their creation, adapted and used to both prove and disprove ar guments and theories. Their work is still relevant today as their contribution to understanding modern society such as key issues including class and employment have changed the course of history. Their contribution to modern social thought will continue to influence thinkers on modern social thought for centuries to come.

Luck Be a Lady: Ciroc Vodka Advertisement

dowery Be a Lady Ciroc Vodka AdvertisementLUCK BE A LADY CIROC VODKA ADVERTISIMENTStephen As 2odLuck Be a LadyVirtu wholey every rapper today is citing British inebriant contactr Diageos CIROC Ultra-Premium Vodka in their lyrics. The brand seems to present found an interesting niche, to a greater extent specifically that of the premium liquor market. CIROCs Luck Be a Lady advert, synonymous with the song of the kindred name fuck off famous by Frank Sinatra, calls upon a all-star cast with public celebrities like hip-hop entrepreneur and investor in CIROC Sean P. Diddy Combs, and a assortment of male actors and female models. The men atomic number 18 elegantly dressed in suits with Combs (2011) first statement suggesting the strategy of the campaign, We tolerate arrived. He urges them to go break through and amass millions of dollars, wanting the practice engender a standard habit. Combs (2011) first spacious statement is, Fellas, we father arrivedwe gone win a copulate million, break the bank out here, then we gone do it all over again. The ads next scene is them disembarking a private jet in Las Vegas, where thither argon beautiful women to make out them with actual shots of CIROC. (Jernigan, Ostroff Ross, 2005) says, In modern alcohol markets, the advertising and promotion of alcohol are central to the harvest-tide itself. Whereas in earlier eras, alcohol may have been marketed based on the fiber, purity, and price of the product, promptly the identity of the brand is paramount (p. 314). This campaign strives to tell the story that connects a life of luxury and leisure with the product itself. The commercial supremacyfully fills the objective of the erst mentioned account, and encapsulates the sensation of attainment one tush appreciate with having consumed CIROC. However, the representation of this lifestyle associated with a brand can have false consequences when classism and consumption becomes more than the product itself (in thi s case CIROC), and more slightly trying to keep up with the exemplified way of life. It is of no surprise that the ad echoes the culture of which Sean P. Diddy Combs is a pioneer that of hip-hop, which today is full of images purporting classism, consumerism and to put in urban vernacular, swag over substance. The campaign pays homage to Sinatra and his contemporaries the tramp Pack, with Combs (2011) telling brain stopping point Magazine that, The confess Pack defined the art of celebrating in style. I cannot imagine a Spirit more suitable for commemorating life with family and athletic supporters than CIROC a brand that has become synonymous with celebratory occasions.Thorstein Veblen (1979) says that, In order to gain and to hold the esteem of men it is not sufficient merely to possess riches of force out. The wealth or power must be put in evidence, for esteem is awarded only on evidence (p. 24). As Combs (2011) declares, We have arrived, it not only takes into account t he physical arrival at a private jet facility, but the arrival to a height of social status. The depiction of this status in the ad is dwell through the collection of luxury products exhibited from the Escalades, private jet, the many of beautiful women, and of course Las Vegas, which is symbolic for infamous gambling, one of many facets that endorse pleasure as a main motivation for using it as a location to film. Merchandise like this form the basis, or intermit confirmation to what Veblen (1979) notes as, putting wealth and power in evidence (p. 24). It is contrasted with the fact that they are respectable drinking a brand of vodka it connects CIROC to these high-end products. Essentially, the ad is making the statement that CIROC is not just one of the many premium liquor brands, it exceeds the others. Particular focus is given to excessgambling in the casinos. While the characters mention that they are go outing to rake a couple million and break the bank, inferences are that they are looking to spend a great amount of money. If they are talking about millions, expandable wealth is no object to them. Throughout the advertisement we are bombarded with messages that say if you are not a part of the wealthy class, then you are not worthy. Likewise, if you deprave CIROC then you will become just as happy, attractive, and prosperous as the people portrayed in the commercial. It has been corporate practice that marketers feedoff the uncertainties of individuals who absorb a classist attitude, seeking to elevate themselves up the economic and social ladder. Debra Goldman (2002) states, fresh-luxury consumers account for a lot of this recession resistance. They are paying premium prices not just for material things (which the old mass market supplied very efficiently) but for stirred up ones comfort, adventure, identity, and esthetic pleasure. The commercial advocate that anything less than CIROC means you are missing out on the true emotional significa nce of successes and all that entails.Sean P. Diddy Combs in an interview with the publication Adweek (2011) was asked, What do you imagine your brand stands for? Combs (2011) responded by sayingI think I stand for aspiration. That hard work pays off.People from all walks of life and all over the demesne look atme and know my humble beginnings and know that everythingIve done has been through hard work. People respect me as amarketer and brand builder.As mentioned beforehand, on that point are countless references of CIROC in hip-hop culture today, so much so that the brand epitomizes the approach to the music. Such adoration toward alcohol in music, and specifically in hip-hop is not unique to CIROC. For example, MOET and CRISTAL, rightly having been ob distributed as premium brands, have been used in the lyrics of Combs protg the late Notorious BIG (1994, 1997) in which he says, The masking of the club sipping Moet is where youll find me and Take their spots, take their keys, make my faculty/Live happily ever after in laughter/Hah, never seen Cristal pullulate faster/And to those bastards, knuckleheads squeeze lead. Miller and Muir (2004) note that, As a ethnic and commercial force, hip-hops impact is formidable Coke, Pepsi, Gucci, Ba railroad cardi, Burberry, Mercedes, Nike and McDonalds are among the brands that have used hip hop to sell themselves (p. 178). While hip-hop was shaped from much more serious questions than which bottle to pop in the club, it is thanks to endorsements from rappers in various lyrics that certain brands have enjoyed a substantial boost in popularity.The campaign suggests another cultural perception, and that is how the women are represented. Amico (1998) says that, Advertisements promoted the image of women as childlike and randy (p. 19). From the onset of the commercial, the women appear in a role that is subservient and playful, calculateing them as another expression of the luxurious life. The women have one speaking part pastime a trend in advertising that rarely do female characters have a voice in a commercial unless it is for something directly marketed to women. timber (1999) notes, To be feminine in the United States is to be attractive, first derivative, unaggressive, emotional, nurturing, and concerned with people and relationships (as cited in Turow McAllister, 2009, p. 193). These concepts are depicted in the commercial and emphasize the historic principle about gender roles that women as the protagonist are postulateed to serve the male. Although the women are dressed in attire that suggests professionalism, as with many modern women, when they are portrayed this way, women are seen as having to work their second job when they arrive home. There is less evidence than usual to suggest this advert is working to slice any progress made for womens rights. However, the message sent to the viewers here is that the men is the one with authoritythe one in control, and the womans role i s to serve and just because the women appear successful and having a good time, it is only on the condition that she still carries out her principal duties as hostess.The campaign, Luck Be a Lady debuted in mid-December 2011 on both US televisions as well as online. Diageo said that the ad will run on various channel that predominantly are dedicated to music and sports. The 30 second version of the ad campaign aired over the holiday season collection of NBA games and the original format is that of a piteous film. CIROC (2011) has stated in their campaign marketing that, Ciroc has taken the stance that their marketing video needed not backstory, narrative arc or a connection to reality. No one in a decision-making capacity on their marketing team thought to ask whether it mattered that, theres no campaign for these people to be hanging out, that nothing remotely interesting goes on outside of the visual, and that its just kind of weird. The reason for this strategy forms the bas is of advertising success. The intertextuality with the Rat Pack gives fundamental basis to what the commercial is endorsing. Olsen et al. (2003, 1993, 1995, and 2004) notes thatAdvertisements have become an integrated part of popularculture which they parody, and by drawing upon sociallysituated codes, myths, cultural discourse, and nationalideologies to fall in resonant associations for consumergoods, advertisements both constitute prevailing ideologiesand construct new mythologies and ideologies for commoditiesthrough these dialogical and intertextual relationships.(as cited in Turow McAllister, 2009, p. 134)The references made to the Rat Pack are deliberate because the target market is already well-known(prenominal) with them and what they symbolize as CIROC is used as a form of product placement. It isnt a blatant use of it, but still fixs links that are already drawn by the audiences knowledge.Just as actors, musicians, artist and the like come to personify their brand, Se an P. Diddy Combs has come to personify CIROC. There are very few places and very few songs nowadays that dont associate the two. In Luck Be a Lady a variety of roles become closely tied to the message of luxury and success. The image of the Rat Pack according to Combs was considered because it sought to emphasize what Strasser (2009) says that, Through advertising, leisure becomes a goal of modern living, not just an attribute used to sell a product (as cited in Turow McAllister, 2009, p. 25). Having the resources to live life the way the campaign projects, is a desire of most western consumers. The commercials statement is made more striking cunning the success Combs has attained personally that this could actually be a day in the life of Sean P. Diddy Combs. The match-up hypothesis is described by Till Busler (2013) as, The differential impact that different types of endorsers, a great fuck celebrities, have on the endorsed brand (p. 2). Diageo notes the melodic line has ha d significant growth since they affiliated Sean Diddy Combs. Marketing and Research Company Symphony IRI says that, gross revenue (of CIROC) jumped 41% to $6.8 million in the year ended Oct. 3 2007. Initial brand management before Combs tended to focus on the grape according to MediaCom, CIROCs media agency until January 2011. When Aegis Carat (2011) took over responsibilities they said, That whole grape story just didnt work, because no corpse really cared. It didnt carry around full cachet. Through the success of advertising campaign Lady Be Luck, CIROC is now positioned as a brand amongst the most successful in the world with The pot likker Business (2012) reporting that, The sale of 1.5m cases in 2011 has helped Ciroc to become the second largest ultra-premium vodka in the US. Combs statement to Andrew Hampp (2007) in Ad Age, summed up his relevance to the brand and the brands success in the market. He said, Ive branded myself as the king of celebration, and thats what this a lliance is all about.ReferencesAmico, E.B. (Ed.) (1998). Readers Guide to Womens Studies. Chicago, IL Fitzroy Dearborn.Combs, S. (2001). Luck Be a Lady (Starring Diddy, Eva Pigford More). Retrieved from http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVMjRJJrQqY.Frith, K., Ping, S., Cheng, H. (2009). The Construction of Beauty A Cultural Analysis ofWomens Magazine Advertising. In J. Turow M.P. McAllister (Eds.), The Advertisingand Consumer Culture Reader (p. 193). New York, NY Routledge.Goldman, D. (2002). ADWEEK Consumer Republic. Retrieved fromhttp//www.adweek.com/news/consumer-republic-59788.Goldman, H. (2011). The Reel Front Deconstructing Diddys Latest Ciroc Branded Film,Ciroc Luck Be a Lady. Retrieved from http//therealfront.tumblr.com/post/15053011045.Hampp, A. (2007) AdvertisingAge Hes Gone by Puffy, Diddy and Now Brand Manager.Retrived from http//adage.com/article/news/puffy-diddy-brand-manager/121489/.Jernigan, D., Ostroff., Ross, C. (2005). Alcohol Advertising and Youth A MeasuredAppr oach. Journal of Public Health Policy, 26, 312-325. doi10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3200038 .Kelly, A., Lawlor K., ODonohoe, S. (2009). convert Advertisements The Creative Perspective. In J. Turow M.P. McAllister (Eds.), The Advertising and Consumer Culture Reader (p. 134). New York, NY Routledge.Levine, D.M. (2011). ADWEEK Fast Chat Sean Diddy Combs The rap mogul on the Rat Pack, his brand and building a better mousetrap. Retrieved from http//www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/fast-chat-sean-diddy-combs-137229.Miller, J. Muir. (2004). The Business of Brands. Hoboken, NJ Wiley.Stresser, S. (2009). The Alien Past Consumer Culture in Historical Perspective. In J. Turow M.P. McAllister (Eds.), The Advertising and Consumer Culture Reader (p. 25). New York, NY Routledge.The Spirits Business Vodka-Brand Champions 2012. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.thespiritsbusiness.com/2012/07/vodka-brand-champions-2012/.Till, B.D., Busler, M. (2002). The Match-Up Hypothesis Physical Attractivene ss, Expertise, and the role of Fit on Brand Attitude, Purchase Intent and Brand Beliefs. Journal of Advertising, 29 (3), 1-13. doi10.1080/00913367.2000.10673613.Toney. (2011). Soul Culture Diddys Luck Be a Lady Commercial. Retrieved from http//www.soulculture.co.uk/culture-2/film-tv/diddys-luck-be-a-lady-ciroc-commercial-extended-version-video/.Veblen, T. (1979). The Theory of the Leisure Class. New York, NY Penguin Books.Wallace, C. (1994). Big Poppa. On Ready to Die CD. New York, New York Universal Music Group.Wallace, C. (1997). Youre Nobody Till Somebody Kills You. On Life After Death CD. New York, New York Universal Music Group.Types of business spark An overviewTypes of business affect An overviewTypes of business promptTravelling on business can take many forms. Individuals may be get offling to pictureings, to exhibitions to make sales calls to customers.There are also a lot of occasions when high amount of root words of people travel individually, or together, to take part in a conference or corporate. Companies that organise business travel are operating in a different market to those who organise conferences and events and are lots different companies. However, overlap does occur, for example Kuoni is a well known tour operator, yet has an arm of its gild which specialises in event management.Incentive TravelThe inducement travel is offered by the employer( caller) to the employee which is like a entertainment gift for them as they are travelling for free. This will make the employee very happy as they can rest at the same time as well as having fun which overall it effects the work rate of the employee when they are back as it will make them much more motivated to work harder in the future as they may gain another reward.What effect incentive travel gives to the employeeFacilitating communication and networking opportunities, especially in senior managementcheering the companys sociallyHaving a better company loyaltyCreating eagerness for upcoming company full stopStrengthening the relationship surrounded by the employee and the companyAdvantages for employeesEvery employee will feel very special and be well-to-do in their job as the company has given them an fantastic opportunity to go for an great holiday which they have gain the award. It automatically changes the employees feelings in work by making them feel successful and thinking they are the best in that work place because they were rewarded an incentive travel. That may also mean they had one of the best performance in the sales team for that business because they were rewarded as not many people experience this trip because its not often many people being offered an incentive travel by their company.Exhibitions and trade fairsThere are exhibitions and trade fairs for just about every type of product. Business people attend trade fairs to keep cutting-edge on the latest development in their industry which shows they are competing with each other as the f ind suppliers for products and operate and to network with colleagues.There are two aspects of the organisation of fairs and exhibitions. Firstly, there are companies who organise the exhibitions and sell stands to exhibitors. An example is Reed Exhibitions. They have a division, Red Travel Exhibitions, who focus on travel events. Lastly, there are many of business to be gained in organising travel to exhibitions and accommodation for attendees.Conferences and meetingsThe meetings industry Association (MIA) is the largest association for meetings industry for the UK and Ireland, providing support for venues and suppliers in the meetings environment. A company who wants to organise a large meeting, or conference, could approach the MIA to find out about companies who can make the arrangements for them.Corporate eventsCorporate events and hospitality is a medical specialist industry within travel and tourism that focuses on providing events, hospitality and entertainment to business clients. It can be know as a an incentive to an consumer because they have place a business with a different employer or to persuade businesses that may have not yet customers to an arrangement with the business. It is also seen as a good way for a company to network and make new business contacts. Corporate events take many forms from lavish events at Wimbledon or the Henley Regatta to the owner of a business inviting his or her bank manager for a meal in a local restaurant. Many corporate hospitality functions are centred on sports events, such as golf championships, cricket, tennis, rugby and football matches. There are many specialist companies that handle all the arrangements for corporate events, from sending our invitations and meet and greet services to providing catering and entertainment.Business AgenciesThis section is the role of business travel agents and the different types of agents operating in the industry.RoleBusiness travel is concerned with providing products and services for business people travelling to meetings, attending conferences and conventions, and taking part in trade fairs and exhibitions. It also includes incentive travel, where holidays, short breaks and other travel services are offered to members of staff as an incentive to reach work targets.big business travel agencies are regularly performing on behalf of two parties when they take on their job. They are providing help needed by their customer, referred to as the consumer, on whose behalf they are making the travel schedules. They are also an agent for the corporation that is supplying the product. These companies are recognized as principals and comprise airlines, hotels and car engage companies.Business travel is an more and more important industry, since it is often high value tourism, earning hoteliers, caterers, transport providers, travel agents and a host of other companies signicant income. Business travel is considered a high value industry becauseClients oft en have to travel at short notice, meaning that they are not able to take advantage of discounted advance purchase ratesBusiness people often use high quality accommodationBusiness travel invariably includes an element of entertaining business clientsTravel is often in upgraded services, e.g. business class or rst class.Business travel agencies can be divided into ve distinct types1. Independent agencies2. National agencies3. Global agencies4. Implant5. E-agent.Each type has its own particular characteristics and products.Independent agenciesAcross the UK, there are many independent travel agents that offer business travel arrangements. They are not part of a national chain and are often managed by the owner and a diminished team of staff. They may be companies that deal exclusively with business travellers, but are more likely to deal with both leisure and business clients. Unlike national agents (see below), independent travel agents are free to offer their business clients trave l services from a grand range of suppliers. Independent business travel agents trade on their ability to offer their clients a very personal service, relying on word-of-mouth recommendation from satisfied customers for extra business. As well as being members of ABTA The Travel Association, many independent business agents join consortia such as Advantage Travel or World choice in order to benefit from supplier discounts, make useful business contacts and to have their voices heard.National AgenciesThese are UK-based companies that are part of a national chain of travel agencies, such as Thomas Cook, Co-op Travelcare and Thomson. These agencies deal primarily with holidays and other leisure travel products, but can meet the needs of business travellers as well. Agencies that are located in parts of the country with high concentrations of companies and a large business community often generate a sizeable proportion of their turnover from business clients. Organisations of all sizes and in all sectors of the economy often need their staff to travel on business. sole traders, members of partnerships, company directors, public sector staff, junior and senior managers, all travel from time to time on business. This could be in their local area, elsewhere in the UK, to countries in continental Europe or further afield.ImplantsImplants are agents operating within a business premises, so that they are on hand to look after travel requirements as needed. The agent may often work alone and is employed by a business travel agency, not by the company in whose premises they are based.E-agentsAs in leisure travel, there is an expanding demand for online business travel services. Some of them may be familiar with the website offering travel services, Expedia. Expedia claims that is corporate travel business, launched in 2002, is the fifth largest by turnover worldwide.Products and servicesBusiness travel agents may be dealing with small companies sending individuals on bu siness trips to corporate clients who want all of their business travel managed.Basic services will always includeAccommodation bookings charge bookings either scheduled or low-cost, business, first or even economyTransferCars hire or rail ticketsAncillary sales, such as car parking or insurance.The agency will book accommodation for a customer and that is to find where they will stay, arrange travel such as leak bookings on specific dates, transfers to the hotel etc. Ancillary services such as insurance and parking.Management of a customers travel expendituresThis means analysing selective information so that a corporation knows exactly what is being spent on business travel and where. The travel management company manage the data and make it available to the customer 24-hours a day in a spreadsheet or database.Negotiation with suppliersThe agent negotiates terms on the customers behalf with airlines, care hire companies and hotels for accommodation which this is for the agency t o find the best deals for their consumers.Products and services provided by suppliersAll hotels and airlines want to tap in to the lucrative business travel market and incessantly bring out new products and services to entice business travellers.Hotels offer Wi-Fi and business centres as a matter. Business customers may choose executive rooms. tied(p) cheaper hotels, such as the premier Inn chain, offer wireless internet and meeting rooms which is what the business customers expects to have.Is Blood Thicker Than Water?Is Blood Thicker Than Water? literary works Review DraftIs Blood is Thicker than Water?Blood is thicker than water, this idiom expresses the idea that family relationships are stronger and more durable than friendship ties. This idea is reinforced through customs, traditions, and laws that give familial relationships prerogative over non-familial ties and determine who may be defined as family (Muraco, 2006). In fact this theme is so pervasive in our inn that, at ti mes, it goes unrecognized for example should a childs parents pass away all eyes look to the next of kin or closest living relative. It is the same if there was a collection of debts that need to be paid. In the case of hospitalization in an intensive care unit, often the rule is the admittance of fast family only. In fact, according to the Uniform Probate Code of the United States section 2-103 in the event that one dies without a will, both children and the whole of their estate go to their family (source). Many find it intriguing that it is the conventional assumption within our society that in a time of crisis, it is the presence of those we are most concerned about in our lives our family- that is of most importance. The idea that familial relationships mean more than all other types of relationships, dates back almost 600 years to 1412 (source). The fact that this idea is still universal today, so many centuries later, leads the author to believe that there must be something fundamentally, or qualitatively different about the relationships we have with family (mother, father, sibling), and those we have with friends. If so, what is it? The aim of this reputation examines these issues and as a result suggests further research that needs to be done.networks of family support tend to be denser than friendship networks (Wellman Wortley, 1989), creating a context in which responsibilities toward family members develop (Finch Mason, 1993) responsibility is further strengthened by norms within our (Himes Reidy, 2000 Stein et al., 1998). On one hand, family relationships are continued even if there is a degree of impatience and conflict (Allan, 1996). Friendship, on the other hand, can be seen as an independent relationship that tends to be based strongly on a sense of reciprocity (Buunk Prins, 1998). We therefore expect sibling relationships to be less strongly influenced than friendships by these mechanisms.With marriage being less stable, and with th e number of children falling, peer relationships potentially become increasingly important. Friendship offers a way of inventing and re-inventing the self in an authentic way throughout ones life. As such it is particularly important to women whose idea of themselves is typically grow in social relationships. (OConnor 1999 118)By virtue of growing up in the same family, siblings know each other intimately and develop a body of shared knowledge that may facilitate a common basis for social understanding. In 2005 Schaf, Schulman and Spitz found that siblings provide emotional support for each other, resulting in reduced anxiety that can come with being an outcast with peers. The sibling relationship ahs been shown to be increasingly valuable being as it has been found associated with get off loneliness and depression and with higher self-esteem and overall life satisfaction. Also, sibling support has been found to compensate when there is an absence of not only agnate support but f riendship support aswell (Anderson, 2005)..In a development about social understanding and interpersonal relationships Clarke and Dunn found that the differences in the relationship among siblings and friends are based first on the fact that there is a choice involved. Children choose their friends however they do not choose their siblings and are typically faced with living with them. They also found that sibling relationships can have attributes like hostility and ambivalence which are rarely found in friendships (2005).Among the differences between these relationships are the expectations involved. In familial relationships the emphasis is not on equality, balance, and reciprocity as is the case in friendships (Mills, Clark, Ford, Johnson, 2004). However the sibling relationship, not unlike the friend relationship requires maintenance by regular collateral interaction, its does not remain ready at all times to be activated whenever the need arises (Voorspstal, 2007). The eve ryday everyday understanding of what family entails is different from everyday understanding of what friendship entails. This does not mean that family and friend relationships have no commonality, nor does it mean that people never regard friends as family or family as friends. It does, however, suggest that different forms of unity and commitment usually differentiate the two sets of relationships specifically, the demands that family and friends generally view as legitimate to expect of each other are usually patterned differently, including the consequent effect on the emotional, practical, and material resources that they are prepared to give (Ueno Adams, 2006). In 2005 a study on the sibling relationship in emerging adulthood was conducted which included interviews as part of the method. One participant gave voice to what is a common cultural belief, he wrote, I dont like my siblingsthey dont like me. If we had a choice wed never see each other again. But a family is a group of people youre stuck with for life whether you like it or not.(Leh Ruppe, 2005). Other participants reported relying on their siblings for immediate help and for care in cases of sickness. Additionally, from the qualitative responses obtained, an overwhelming number of responses contained positive comments about sibling relationships.The sideslip from having a non-family closest friend to having a family member as closest friend is more likely to occur amongst women, older people, lower class and, interestingly, both by getting married or by being widow(ed). That these changes in marital status lead to a shift towards a family member as closest friend is an important finding. It is well established in the literature that those who are newly separated or disassociate are more likely to look to non-family members as their closest friend.This is often to avoid the feeling of being judged by family specifically parents or siblings who may have developed a good relationship with thei r former spouse. In the case of the death of the partner, family members are more likely to provide sympathetic support and so it is less likely that the grieving person would be made to feel judged. In the longer term, however, those who remain widowed are likely to move on from having a relative as their closest friend to having someone outside the family as their closest friend.Importantly, at various phases within the lifespan, the particular structural muckle of peoples lives may result in both a greater reliance on friends and a reduced involvement with family (Pahl Pevalin, 2005). For example, for some young adults who are establishing their freedom from their family but not (yet) started their own, that is, involved in a committed partnerships or a parental phase of life, friends may be the main component of their emotional and practical support networks (Heath Cleaver, 2003). At this time, they may have relatively little involvement with their family relationships. With out necessarily rejecting these ties, their choice is to place more emphasis on friendships with others who may be in a similar situation like unto themselves (Allen, 2008).